MCQs: History & Status of English in India
1. Who arrived in Kozhikode (Calicut) in 1498, opening the sea
route to India?
A. Christopher Columbus
B. Vasco da Gama
C. Ferdinand Magellan
D. Bartholomew Diaz
Answer: B. Vasco da Gama
2. When was the East India Company (EIC. established?
A. 1498
B. 1600
C. 1757
D. 1857
Answer: B. 1600
3. Who called the East India Company and its agents "The
Birds of Prey"?
A. Lord Macaulay
B. Edmund Burke
C. Charles Grant
D. Warren Hastings
Answer: B. Edmund Burke
4. Which battle marked the establishment of British rule in India?
A. Battle of Plassey (1757)
B. Battle of Buxar (1764)
C. Battle of Panipat (1761)
D. Battle of Wandiwash (1760)
Answer: A. Battle of Plassey (1757)
5.Who established the Asiatic Society in 1784 for oriental
research?
A. Warren Hastings
B. William Jones
C. Charles Grant
D. Lord Cornwallis
Answer: B. William Jones
6. Who is considered the "Father of English Education in
India"?
A. Lord Macaulay
B. Charles Grant
C. William Bentinck
D. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Answer: A. Lord Macaulay
7.What was the main objective of Macaulay’s Minute (1835)?
A. To promote Sanskrit and Arabic education
B. To create a class of Indians who were "English in taste,
opinions, morals, and intellect"
C. To ban English education in India
D. To establish missionary schools only
Answer: B. To create a class of Indians who were "English in
taste, opinions, morals, and intellect"
8.Which act made English the official language of administration
and courts in 1837?
A. Charter Act of 1813
B. English Education Act of 1835
C. Wood’s Dispatch of 1854
D. Government of India Act of 1858
Answer: B. English Education Act of 1835
9.What theory did Macaulay propose to educate Indians through a
select few who would then teach others?
A. Upward Mobility Theory
B. Downward Filtration Theory
C. Vernacularization Theory
D. Orientalist Theory
Answer: B. Downward Filtration Theory
10.Who among the following strongly opposed Sanskrit and Arabic
education, calling them "full of errors"?
A. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B. Lord Macaulay
C. William Jones
D. Warren Hastings
Answer: B. Lord Macaulay
11.Which document is known as the "Magna Carta of English
Education in India"?
A. Macaulay’s Minute (1835)
B. Wood’s Dispatch (1854)
C. Charter Act of 1813
D. Hunter Commission Report (1882)
Answer: B. Wood’s Dispatch (1854)
12.Which universities were established in 1857 as a result of
Wood’s Dispatch?
A. Delhi, Allahabad, Punjab
B. Calcutta, Madras, Bombay
C. Banaras, Aligarh, Hyderabad
D. Patna, Lucknow, Nagpur
Answer: B. Calcutta, Madras, Bombay
13.What was the medium of instruction at the primary level as per
Wood’s Dispatch?
A. English
B. Sanskrit
C. Vernacular languages
D. Persian
Answer: C. Vernacular languages
14.Who among the following was a strong supporter of Western
education through English?
A. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B. Swami Vivekananda
C. Dayanand Saraswati
D. Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: A. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
15.What term is used for Indians who adopted Western culture and
education under British rule?
A. Orientalists
B. Anglicists
C. Macaulay’s Children
D. Nationalists
Answer: C. Macaulay’s Children
16.Which Governor-General introduced English as the official
language of government and education in 1835?
A. Lord Dalhousie
B. Lord William Bentinck
C. Lord Cornwallis
D. Lord Wellesley
Answer: B. Lord William Bentinck
17.Which commission criticized Macaulay’s Downward Filtration
Theory in 1882?
A. Hunter Commission
B. Sadler Commission
C. Raleigh Commission
D. Simon Commission
Answer: A. Hunter Commission
18. Who translated Kalidasa’s Abhijnana Shakuntalam into English?
A. Charles Grant
B. William Jones
C. Max Muller
D. Thomas Macaulay
Answer: B. William Jones
19.Which act first allocated funds (Rs. 1 lakh) for education in
India?
A. Charter Act of 1793
B. Charter Act of 1813
C. Charter Act of 1833
D. Charter Act of 1853
Answer: B. Charter Act of 1813
20.Who appointed the Hunter Commission (1882) to review the
implementation of Wood’s Dispatch?
A. Lord Curzon
B. Lord Ripon
C. Lord Dalhousie
D. Lord William Bentinck
Answer: B. Lord Ripon
21.Which level of education was assigned to local bodies as per
the Hunter Commission?
A. University education
B. Secondary education
C. Primary education
D. Technical education
Answer: C. Primary education
22.The Indian Universities Act (1904) was based on the
recommendations of which commission?
A. Hunter Commission
B. Raleigh Commission
C. Sadler Commission
D. Kothari Commission
Answer: B. Raleigh Commission
23.Who criticized Macaulay’s education system as a "living
monument to colonial mission"?
A. Mahatma Gandhi
B. N. Krishnaswamy
C. Rabindranath Tagore
D. B.R. Ambedkar
Answer: B. N. Krishnaswamy
24.The term "Macaulayism" refers to:
A. Revival of Sanskrit education
B. Imposing British culture via education
C. Promoting vernacular languages
D. Banning English in India
Answer: B. Imposing British culture via education
25.Which pre-independence document recommended vernaculars as the
medium of instruction at the primary level?
A. Macaulay’s Minute (1835)
B. Wood’s Dispatch (1854)
C. Hartog Committee Report (1929)
D. Sargent Plan (1944)
Answer: B. Wood’s Dispatch (1854)
26.Who among the following opposed English education, calling it
"slavery of the mind"?
A. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B. Mahatma Gandhi
C. Jawaharlal Nehru
D. Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer: B. Mahatma Gandhi
27.The Sargent Plan (1944) proposed:
A. Free and compulsory education for all children up to 14 years
B. Banning English in schools
C. Making Sanskrit compulsory
D. Closing missionary schools
Answer: A. Free and compulsory education for all children up to 14
years
28.Which commission recommended the gradual replacement of English
with Indian languages post-independence?
A. Kothari Commission (1964-66)
B. Radhakrishnan Commission (1948)
C. Mudaliar Commission (1952)
D. Hunter Commission (1882)
Answer: A. Kothari Commission (1964-66)
29.English was retained as an "associate official
language" in India due to:
A. Anti-Hindi protests in South India
B. Demand from British officials
C. Lack of Indian language textbooks
D. Pressure from the UN
Answer: A. Anti-Hindi protests in South India
30.The Three-Language Formula (1968) included:
A. Hindi, English, and a regional language
B. Sanskrit, English, and a foreign language
C. Hindi, English, and a classical language
D. English, French, and German
Answer: A. Hindi, English, and a regional language
31.Raja Ram Mohan Roy advocated for English education because:
A. He wanted Indians to reject their culture
B. He believed it would modernize India
C. He was paid by the British
D. He disliked Sanskrit
Answer: B. He believed it would modernize India
32.Who established the Hindu College in Kolkata (1817)?
A. William Bentinck
B. David Hare
C. William Jones
D. Charles Wood
Answer: B. David Hare
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61.Janardhan Reddy Committee was formed to:
A. Review NPE 1986
B. Draft NEP 2020
C. Abolish English
D. Promote Sanskrit
Answer: A. Review NPE 1986
Explanation: It led to modifications in NPE 1986 and POA.
62.Operation Blackboard (1987) aimed to:
A. Provide minimum school infrastructure
B. Teach only English
C. Eliminate Hindi
D. Promote Sanskrit
Answer: A. Provide minimum school infrastructure
Explanation: It ensured basic facilities in primary schools.
63.The 2009 Yashpal Committee recommended:
A. Continuing deemed universities
B. Replacing UGC with CHER
C. Abolishing English
D. Making Hindi compulsory
Answer: B. Replacing UGC with CHER
Explanation: Suggested overhaul of higher education regulators.
64.SSA – Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2001) aimed to:
A. Universalize elementary education
B. Teach only English
C. Abolish vernaculars
D. Promote Sanskrit
Answer: A. Universalize elementary education
Explanation: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan focused on universal enrollment.
65.The 86th Constitutional Amendment (2002) made education:
A. Free and compulsory for 6-14 age group
B. English medium mandatory
C. Hindi compulsory nationwide
D. Sanskrit compulsory
Answer: A. Free and compulsory for 6-14 age group
Explanation: Added Article 21A for right to education.
66.The 1956 Three-Language Formula was approved at:
A. Shimla Conference 1961
B. Calcutta Conference 1957
C. Delhi Convention 1960
D. Madras Meeting 1958
Answer: A. Shimla Conference 1961
Explanation: CMs' conference simplified and approved the formula.
67.EFLU was originally established as:
A. Central Institute of English
B. English Teaching Mission
C. British Council Institute
D. Oxford University branch
Answer: A. Central Institute of English
Explanation: Began as CIE in 1958, later became CIEFL and EFLU.
68.The 1953 UGC was inaugurated by:
A. Nehru
B. Maulana Azad
C. Radhakrishnan
D. Rajendra Prasad
Answer: B. Maulana Azad
Explanation: Education Minister Azad inaugurated UGC.
69.The Secondary Education Commission (1952) was chaired by:
A. Dr. Lakshmana Swami Mudaliar
B. Dr. Radhakrishnan
C. Dr. Kothari
D. Dr. Zakir Hussain
Answer: A. Dr. Lakshmana Swami Mudaliar
Explanation: VC of Madras University headed this commission.
70.The 1955 Official Languages Commission chairman was:
A. B.G. Kher
B. Maulana Azad
C. Nehru
D. Rajaji
Answer: A. B.G. Kher
Explanation: First Bombay CM chaired this commission.
71.The 1968 anti-Hindi agitation demanded:
A. Scrapping three-language formula
B. Making Hindi compulsory
C. English only in Madras
D. Sanskrit as national language
Answer: A. Scrapping three-language formula
Explanation: Protesters opposed Hindi imposition in Tamil Nadu.
72.The 1986 anti-Hindi agitation opposed:
A. Navodaya Schools
B. English teaching
C. Mother tongue education
D. Sanskrit colleges
Answer: A. Navodaya Schools
Explanation: DMK opposed Hindi-medium Navodaya Vidyalayas.
73.NEP 2020 states English is:
A. A test of intelligence
B. Just a language, not intelligence test
C. Should be eliminated
D. Must replace all Indian languages
Answer: B. Just a language, not intelligence test
Explanation: Policy clarifies English is merely a language skill.
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