Typers of communication- NET SET paper-I

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

Communication can be classified into various categories:

 

1. Based on the Direction / Flow of Information

a) Downward Communication

• From top level → lower level
• Example: orders, instructions, circulars

b) Upward Communication

• From lower level → higher level
• Example: feedback, reports, grievances

c) Horizontal / Lateral Communication

• Between employees of the same level
• Example: coordination among departments

d) Diagonal Communication

• Between different departments and levels
• Example: HR communicating with junior engineers of another team

 

2. Based on the Channel / Medium

a) Verbal Communication

• Spoken words
• Face-to-face, phone, meetings, speeches

b) Non-Verbal Communication

Includes:

• Facial expressions
• Body language
• Gestures
• Eye contact
• Tone of voice
• Proxemics (use of space)

c) Written Communication

• Letters, emails, reports, memos, notices

d) Visual Communication

• Charts, graphs, symbols, posters, maps

 

3. Based on the Number of Participants

a) Intrapersonal Communication

• Communication with oneself
• Thinking, self-talk, reflection

b) Interpersonal Communication

• Between two people
• Conversations, interviews, counseling

c) Group Communication

• Small groups or teams
• Meetings, discussions, teamwork

d) Public Communication

• One person speaking to a large audience
• Lectures, political rallies

e) Mass Communication

• Through mass media
• TV, radio, newspapers, social media, films

 

4. Based on Purpose

a) Informative Communication

• Giving information
• News, instructions

b) Persuasive Communication

• Influencing attitudes/behavior
• Advertisements, speeches

c) Directive Communication

• Commands or instructions
• “Do this,” “Submit this report”

d) Expressive / Emotional Communication

• Expressing feelings
• Art, music, social media posts

 

5. Based on Formality

a) Formal Communication

• Follows official structure
• Professional, documented
• Example: official letters, reports

b) Informal Communication

• Casual, friendly
• Grapevine communication (rumors, friendship circles)

 

6. Based on Method / Mode

a) Synchronous Communication

• Real-time
• Phone call, live chat, video call

b) Asynchronous Communication

• Not in real time
• Emails, recorded videos, messages