KU UG SEM6 all summaries

KAKATIYA UNIVERSITY, WARANGAL

KU UG English- SEM6

Question paper pattern and material

English for careers

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UNIT_1: SREELAKSHMI SURESH

Sreelakshmi Suresh is an inspirational life story of one of the youngest entrepreneurs of the world. When she was three years old, her parents Suresh Menon (lawyer) and Viju Suresh (teacher) bought a computer and taught her how to use it. Sreelakshmi used notepad to type letters and learn the English alphabet. She used MS- Paint to draw and color pictures. This is how she became more familiar with computer programs.

Her parents encouraged her to try out often something new and different. Her father showed her so many websites designed by young children and he believed that she will get benefit from the experience. She grew more curious and worked hard during the free time. Though her parents worried about her eyesight, they believed that she will achieve something new.

At the age of eight, she designed a complete website for her school. This website included the information about the admissions, curriculum, history of the school, faculty, students, and a section for children’s school reports and enquiries by parents.

This website designing acquired Sreelakshmi recognition across the world. During the next few years she received nearly 30 awards from different countries. Among them, the Golden Web Award helped her to get the membership in the American Webmasters Association. This is a group of web designers across the world. She was the youngest one among all the members. The CEO of the organization wrote to Sreelakshmi by appreciating her for her Web designing.

Another award, the Art space’s world web award of Excellence for 2006-07, helped her to achieve the National Child Award for Exceptional Achievement 2008 by Ministry of Women and Child Welfare in New Delhi. She received this national award on her eleventh birthday.

Apart from these two, she was also a recipient of the web masters Ink Award, the Global Internet Directories Gold Award etc., After this, she launched her own web designing company namely “e-Design Technologies”. Even though she was very young to own a business, she was ready to accept the challenge of fulfilling the expectations of people at web designing. After her schooling; she pursued Bachelor Degree in Business Management. Then she learnt Animation, Search Engine Optimization, PHP, E-Commerce, and User Interface Design.

She always tried to update herself the upcoming changes in the technology. Her dream is to make her e Design Technologies, a leading IT company. She gave preference to choose Indian clients. She created websites for Bar Council Kerala, Kozhikode District Association of the Deaf. In the year 2010, she launched “State of Kerala, an online Encyclopedia about Kerala”.

In the year 2012, she gave a TED talk about her dream of becoming a world class web designer and the struggles of launching a new company. Over the years she has been invited by several engineering and management colleges and addressed at so many functions. At a function, she addressed included more than a 100 CEOs

Conclusion: Age is just a number. It is not a bar to achieve anything. She firmly believes that if we are confident that we are competent and prepared to work hard, nothing is impossible.

UNIT_1:FOR WHOM THE BELL TOLLS (poem)        -John Donne

About the Poet: John Donne is leader of Metaphysical Poets in English. Metaphysical poets are highly educated. They show their subject (intellect) in their poems. They blend emotions with intellectual ideas and make the reader think deeply about the content of the poem. He wrote many poems, essays, letters, etc. Most of his works were published only after his death.

About the Poem: When Donne was seriously ill, he wrote a series of essays called Devotions. Meditation- 17 is one of these essays. Present poem is an extract of Meditation-17. Though it is an essay, it is considered as a poem because of its theme. The images used in the poem are very clear and beautiful. The lines of the poem reveal the connectivity of mankind.

This poem follows the standard sonnet form of Petrarchan or Shakespearean (sonnet is a 14 line poem). There is a drastic turn from the first eight lines (octave) to the next six lines (sestet).

Explanation: Man is social animal. He cannot live in isolation. In fact, no other species on this earth can live in isolation. It is impossible for us to live independently without depending on any one. The poet says “No man is an Island” that no man is entirely separate from the rest of the world. Every human being is part of a whole. He compares human beings and their connection with one another and with the rest of the world to the land masses that are part of a continent. Humans are interconnected with one another.

Poet used the following imagery and symbols: Human race                        -- Europe Continent Man                                     -- Any piece of land Tides of sea /Church bell     -- Death

 

Donne says that the land in any form can be washed away by the sea. It can be, Europe continent, a piece of land (clod), a coastal area, the land of a landlord or of our own farm. The loss of this land is a loss to the mother Earth. Here, the poet compared the parts of earth to the human beings. The poet opines that the loss or death of a part is an injury to the whole.

He says that not only your loss is meaningful but also your friends. Everyone is injured when one person is dead. At the end, he says that each man’s death hurts him. Because, he is involved in mankind and he is a human being.

In the last three lines, the poet uses the imagery of the church bell tolling to symbolize the death. When it rings, he says to the listener, “Don’t ask for whom it tolls because, it tolls for you.” Whenever anyone dies, it is like everyone has dead.

We may think that the land which is washed away by the sea is not mine. In the same way, we may feel that the man who is dying is not my friend, or relative, or neighbor. But the death is inevitable for all of us.

Conclusion: Unity is strength. Any person’s death decreases the strength of the group. This is beautifully compared to a piece of land washed away by tides of ocean. Any species on this earth lives in groups. He worries about the behavior of humans who never worry about the death of their fellow men. We must know that we are part of human race, and one day the church bell will definitely ring for us too. 

 

UNIT_2:HOW WORK CAN BE MADE MEANINGFUL       -Katie Bailey

About the Author: Katie Bailey is a Professor of Work and Employment at King’s College London. She wrote many books and articles on meaningful work, employee engagement and Human Resource Management. She also worked in business schools, consultancies, and projects. She is presently working with the UK government for making Post- Covid work environment healthier and more sustainable. She received several awards.

About the Text: The present lesson speaks about the significance of work in a man’s life. Most of our adult life is spent at our work place only. Work is considered to be an important factor which contributes to the happiness in life. Some of us may imagine leading happy life without our boss demanding. But, the research proved that most of the people choose to work even though, they win a lottery. Many people feel that they should work to fulfill their basic needs.

She interviewed 135 people from different areas of work. The writer lists out some of her findings from a survey she made on to find out what people consider meaningful work, how work can be made meaningful and how this sense of meaningfulness can be erased.

What is a meaningful work?

The 1^st category people (Bin men) said that the work can be considered meaningful if people feel that it has a positive impact on others. It may not be the direct customers of the works. Because, they said that their recycling work will benefit the future generations by clean and green planet.

The 2^nd category is Priests. They said that the meaningfulness may not be a positive experience always. Sometimes the meaningfulness is found in supporting people who were ill or bereaved.

The 3^rd category is Actors. They said that the meaningfulness is associated with specific situations. An example for this was an actor asked to train the prisoners who were very violent. She managed to connect with them and drew them into the performance. Hence, she described it as emotional challenging and highly meaningful.

The 4^th category people said that we never announce or feel that “Today, I felt my work meaningful.” So we need to stop and think through what happened.

Finally, an Entrepreneur said that she runs a bakery to make her grandfather’s wish. She said that it may not be only with the workers or work but it can be a link between individuals’ job and the personal life.

The interaction involved doctors, engineers, retailers, stonemasons, solicitors, or entrepreneurs. But they said that no one found their work meaningful all the time and they also said that expecting it is not achievable or desirable all the times.

How the meaningfulness can be erased?

The feeling of meaningfulness is erased by the bad management. Some of the managers are very good at destroying this meaning through their actions. They never involve their employees in important decisions, they never applaud them. Instead, they isolate the workers and warn them and never protect the employees from physical or mental harm. As a result workers feel, “Why should we bother?” Hence, the employers should treat their employees carefully. The organizations can develop this sort of meaningfulness in the minds of workers by adopting values and ensuring which work suits whom. They should know that our work should improve the life of someone somewhere. That makes a job meaningful and worthy enough.

Conclusion: We spend most of the time at our work place. We never think that how to make our work meaningful. We often complain about our work place/ boss/ salary, but we never stop our work even if we won a lottery. If our services are useful or have positive effects on the lives of others, we can say that our work is meaningful. Management must applaud/ involve the employees otherwise the meaningfulness will be destroyed.

 

UNIT_2:TEAMWORK (POEM)       -Edgar Albert Guest

About the Poet: Edgar Albert Guest was born in British & worked as American Journalist. He wrote so many sentimental poems and newspaper columns. His works brought him a lot of recognition. He was also known as People’s Poet and Poet Laureate of Michigan. 

Background of the Poem: Teamwork is a short and simple poem, which emphasizes the importance of teamwork. It is not possible to play the game of life with a single hand. All hands must join together; otherwise, we will never win the game. This poem tells us to focus on team goals instead of individual talents.  

Explanation: The poet says that one should get habituated or should learn how to mingle with people in a team. Whether we win or lose a battle is decided only by the spirit of the team. Set your mind and will to helping your team members to win, even when his chances seem poor and hopeless. Forget yourself until the game gets over, play, fight and win for the team.

No Ego/Self: You may be considered as a star, or a leading performer, or you may have great skills and talents, but you should give priority to the winning of the team. If you focus only on your skills/talents, instead of helping your team to win, it is selfish. 

Team is important: We cannot clap with one hand. There is a bigger challenge - it does not talk about our individual talents, or what kind of a person we are. In any game, we play, or even in our game of life - there is no single hand.

All fingers not alike: A team is always challenging to manage, as there are many types of opinions but we must work with our teammates; otherwise, we cannot win in any game, nor can we be successful in life.

Learn to work in team: If you work alone, you will never win. Working alone is equal to being selfish. Whether we win or lose, we should stand by our team - the victory lies only in the spirit of the team. The purpose of life is to live together and work together - by standing alone; we cannot achieve anything.

Help your teammates to win: We may think it is good that we are being appreciated for our talents. But we have a greater job to do - make up your mind and prepare yourself for a more important ambition. That ambition is helping your teammates to perform and shine. Help your teammate, especially when he has difficulties.

Fight as a team, win as a team!: We should forget about ourselves till the game is over and fight only for the team. We should not think about ourselves, we should think about the team as a whole.

Conclusion:  Team goals are always greater than individual. Instead of working for individual benefits, one must work for the winning of the team. There is no value for your individual score, when your team fails. For example, a cricketer may score 100 runs, but his team may fail. Always learn to work in teams and help other team mates to reach the goal.

 

UNIT_3:HOW THE CORONA VIRUS SPARKED A WAVE OF INNOVATION       -Sreevas Sahasranamam

About the Author: Sreevas Sahasranamam is presently working as a leader of Doctoral Training Centre in Socially Progressive Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the University of Strathclyde in Scotland. He is a member of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) UK Team. He studies businessmen and innovators who can handle big challenges, especially in emerging markets and the factors that affect their work.  

About the Text: This essay was written in April, 2020, when the entire world was under the effect of Corona Pandemic. It speaks about a number of innovations and start-ups by our Indian entrepreneurs to fight the deadly Covid-19 pandemic situation. The author also speaks about how entrepreneurs and innovators across India have responded very quickly to this challenge and tried to give comfort to the people with their ideas and inventions. These inventions helped the needy in typical situations. The inventions include: Robots, Apps, Sanitizers, Drones and Ventilators, and hackathons to gather the ideas

 Robots, Apps, Drones and Ventilators: Due to Covid-19, we heard the words like pandemic, sanitizer, mask and Social Distancing very frequently. To make this social distance possible, Asimov Robotics a Kerala based start-up has started using Robots at the entrances of the offices to spray sanitizer and to deliver health messages about the virus. These robots were also used in hospital isolation wards to carry food and medicine to the patients.

Indian Government launched an App called Aarogya Setu which uses GPS and Bluetooth to inform people when they were at risk of exposure to Covid-19. Later Klinic App and Practo App were used to provide Covid Test at home and online doctor consultation. Another App known as GoK-Kerala Direct using a platform developed by QKopy to send messages to regarding the travel information via phone notifications and SMSs to basic phones.

To fulfill shortage of Ventilators, Nocca Robotics (IIT Kanpur), Aerobiosys Innovations (IIT Hyderabad) and AgVa Healthcare have developed low-cost, easy to use and portable ventilators. Marut Dronetech have partnered with the state governments to test the use of Drones to monitor social distancing rules, to supply medicine and for thermal screening. 

 Hygienic Measurements: Aqoza technologies have devoloped some chemical formulations which can be used to disinfect the public places. PerSapien technologies developed Airlens Minus Corona to control the corona virus. Another company named, Drooms came up with a special Anti-microbial coating called Corono Shield, which stops the growth of the virus on surfaces of vehicles.

Connecting People: Universities, Industries and the Government have worked in Triple Helix model for these inventions. There emerged some organizations helping to bring the three groups together. The government also encouraged them through some financial assistance. Kerala Start-Up Mission launched a website called Breath of Hope to bring these volunteers, IT Professionals, Biomedical Engineers and Doctors together.

 Crowd sourcing Ideas: The national Government launched the Covid-19 challenge on March 16 to invite the innovators to share their ideas and solutions for facing the pandemic. Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry collaborated in an online hackathon to develop non-medical solutions for Covid-19. Another start-up called Break Corona received 1300 ideas and 180 product solutions within two days of its launch.

 Conclusion: Corona pandemic has changed the lives of many people. This article talks about the Technological inventions in India during pandemic. India used the technology, knowledge or innovative ideas to generate solutions to the pandemic. Author wishes to continue the spirit/sustain this change to face the upcoming challenges.

         UNIT_3:SEE IT THROUGH (poem)-  Edgar Albert Guest

About the Poet: Edgar Albert Guest was born in British & worked as American Journalist. He wrote many sentimental poems and newspaper columns. His works brought him a lot of recognition. He was also known as People’s Poet and Poet Laureate of Michigan. He is appreciated today for his clear choice of words and straightforward line structures.

About the Poem: It is a motivational poem. The main themes of the poem are confidence, perseverance, bravery, and determination. “See it through” means “to continue the work until it is finished”.

The poem begins with the speaker telling the reader that whenever there is trouble, no matter what that trouble may be, one should meet it face to face. This is the best way to solve any conflict. He tells us to “Lift” our chin and set our “shoulders’’ and prepare for anything and everything with planted feet (or a stable posture). In the next two lines (couplet), he says that even if we are unable to dodge (avoid) a bad situation, he advices us to do the best that they can do because no one knows whether they fail or win. 

He uses the title “See it through!” as a refrain (repetition of same line at the end of each stanza), which appears at the end of all three stanzas, asking the reader or listener to apply it to any situation in life. The last line “see it through” serves as a mantra for the listener. It is something one could mentally repeat over and over again. 

The second stanza begins with a situation in which our life may be filled with “Black…clouds (bad/ sad situations)” and future is hopeless. The speaker tells the listener not to lose their courage and advices us to keep fighting. He describes how one’s future is preordained. If the worst is bound to happen, he says that there is no use in running away from it. Negative situations, even terrible ones, should also be faced head-on and “see it through.” 

In third stanza, the speaker sets up a station in which it seems as if hope is futile (meaningless). He says troubles are not new, they are very common. There is nothing new in the world. Every problem has already been faced, and conquered, by others. For example, the entire world is facing the challenge of Covid-19, but this type of pandemic is not new at all. We may be facing many issues in day to day life, but they are old and solved by your elders, friends, family members.  

The final lines return to the ways one can physically prepare them for possible failure. One should keep their “Eyes front” and “head high to the finish.” This will help with one’s confidence in this particular situation and those that might follow. The poem concludes with the refrain repeating itself once more.

 

Conclusion: Never give up, whatever you do. Face the challenges directly; fight until you reach the goal. Never try to escape from it or never lose your hope. We will definitely achieve success if we “see it through”

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