CONJUNCTION
A Conjunction is used to link words, phrases, clauses, and sentences.
Ex: Balu is a driver. Ramu is a driver (Balu and Ramu are drivers)
The man is poor. He is honest (The man is poor, but honest)
A co-coordinating conjunction joins together sentences of equal rank.
Ex: and, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet are the seven coordinating conjunctions.
To remember them, the acronym FANBOYS can be used.
A Subordinating conjunction joins supplies to another on which it depends for its full meaning.
Ex: after, because, if, that, though, although, till, before, unless, as, when, where, while etc
A Correlative Conjunctions is used in pairs.
Ex: either-or, neither-nor, so-that, both-and, not only-but also, no sooner-than, not-or etc
Sentences with conjunctions and connecting words
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
She teaches English and Mathematics.
He studied hard but failed
She teaches English besides Mathematics
Do you like tea or coffee?
There has been no rainfall for some time. The ground is therefore dry.
SUBORDINATE CONJUCTIONS:
As he is ill, he cannot come to school
After we had talked on the phone, [main clause]I wrote down what we had decided.
Before we left at four o’clock, [main clause]we had something to eat.
If you work hard, you will pass
Wait here till I come back
She cannot stand because she is very weak
Unless you work hard, you will not pass
As long as the waves are high enough, we can go surfing.
Provided that he pays a fine, he will not have to go to jail. (formal)
She likes swimming, even in winter.
Don't drink any alcohol even if you drive carefully.
Do you know how to ride a snowboard?
They worked hard for the test, however, they failed.
Take your mobile with you in case you miss the bus.
He looks very fit in spite of his age.
Look at the map, please. Otherwise you'll get lost.
Since he's lost his money, he couldn't go to the restaurant.
I don't know what to say.
When you're in London, write an e-mail to me.
I'm going home whether you like it or not.
This book is very popular, even though, I don't like it.
She goes to the tennis club because she likes to play tennis.
Although the great fire destroyed, only six people died.
My father works hard, even though he is sixty. (eventhough is more emphatic than although)
We found a school, but it was closed (but always comes before clause)
We found a school, it was closed though.(though comes after clause)
CORRELATIVE CONJUCTIONS:
You can go either right or left.
We can either go to the cinema or to the café.
Neither drinks nor food are allowed in this room.
I have either left my bag on the bus or at the office
I have no money, I have no land either.
The road was closed. I could go neither right nor left
She teaches not only English but also Mathematics
Note:
both followed by its proper correlative so place it immediately before the words to which it refers
Both John and as well as his father were present. (wrong)
Both John and his father were present.
both has positive sense and can’t be used in negative sense, in such case use neither…nor ie,
Both John and his father were not present there (wrong,)
Neither John nor his father were present
Do not use thought and but together,
Though he is hardworking, but he can’t pass this year (omit but)
Though he is hardworking, he can’t pass this year
Hardly or Scarcely are followed by when or before not by but, than or that
He had scarcely reached his home than it began to rain (wrong)
He had scarcely reached his home when it began to rain
No sooner is followed by than.
No sooner did he finish his speech than the audience began applauding.
After the adjective other the only word that can be correctly used is than
He had no other object but to get back his money (wrong)
He had no other object than to get back his money
If such is used as a pronoun in the beginning of sentence, it should be followed by that.
Such was her ambition that she found nothing to satisfy her (correct)
Unless means if not and therefore, it should not be used in a sentence which is already negative
Unless you do not work hard you will fail in the exam (wrong)
Lest expresses a negative purpose (so that….not) and therefore it should not be followed by not.
Walk slowly, lest you should not fall (wrong)
Walk slowly, lest you should fall (correct)
When suppose is used in the beginning of a sentence, it is not followed by if
Supposing if she comes to your house, how will you face her (wrong)
Supposing she comes to your house, how will you face her (correct)
EXERCISE:
Task1: Identify the conjunction in the following sentences. 1. I waited till the train arrived. 2. Catch me if You can. 3. We can travel by land or water. 4. The earth is larger than the moon. 5. Bread and milk is wholesome food | Task 2: Join the sentences by using a suitable conjunction. 1. My brother is well. My sister is ill. 2. He sells mangoes. He sells oranges. 3. He did not succeed. He walked hard. 4. I honor him. He is a brave man. 5. He is is not a fool. He is not a knave. |
Task3: Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions.
1. I ran fast, ______ I missed the train.
2._____you try, you will not succeed.
3. Wait ______ I return.
4._______ you eat too much, you will be ill.
5. He remained at home _______ he was ill.
6. Three _____ three make six.
7. Is his name Ravi _____ Raju?
8. Give me me _____ poverty ____ riches.
9. Make hay ______ the sun shines.
10. We will come, _____ it rains _____ not.
11. Live well ___________ you may die well.
12. Man proposes ___________ God disposes.
13. Time ___________ tide do not wait for anybody.
14. I believe him ___________ he is truthful.
15. The vase will break ___________ you drop it
16. ___________ I am poor, I am not dishonest.
17. She writes slowly___________ neatly.
18. Is this my book___________ yours.
19. Ravi is taller ___________I.
20. I shall not go ___________ I am invited.
21. ___________ I were a bird, I would fly.
22. ___________you are mistaken, ___________ I am.
23. My grandfather died ___________ I was born.
24 We arrived ___________ you had gone.
25. ___________ he was not there, I spoke to his brother.
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