Prepositions
The Preposition is a word which is placed a noun or a pronoun and it shows relation to some other words in a sentence. Ex:- She is fond of music, He is applied for a Job, Raju is good at English
Kinds of Prepositions: - There are mainly three kinds of preposition. They are:-
1. Simple Preposition: - In, at, on, by, for, from, of, off, up, with, to
2. Compound prepositions: - Before, between, among, behind, beside.
3. Phrase prepositions:- In spite of, owing to, instead of because of, on account of, In case of etc.
USES OF SIMPLE PREPOSITIONS
1. Use of “At”:-
1. with a place as a point.(one dimensional) Ex: at the corner, at the door, at school
2. before small towns and Villages, streets, places as a point. Ex:- at the bus stop, at Utukur.
3. to express particular time. Ex:- at 7o clock , at 8. p.m., at breakfast, at weekend
4. with an event. Ex: at the marriage party, at the meeting., At Christmas
2. Use of ON:-
1. to show the resting position. (two dimensional ) Ex:- on the table, on NH -563
2. with the names of week days and dates. Ex: - on Tuesday, on 15th August, on New year day.
౩. to show the direction of something. Ex:- on the left , on your right
Note: I received the letter last Monday(NOT on last Monday)
4. Use of ‘IN’:
1. when we see something all around. (Three dimensional) Ex: in my pocket, in room,
2. before months, years, (longer). Ex: in 1947, in July, in summer, in the morning, In a few days
2. Before the name of countries, big cities, towns and buildings. Ex:- in Delhi, in Hyderabad.
Note: we use at with a town when we see it as a point.
Ex: I changed my train at Hyderabad., on the way to Iran, I landed at Mumbai.
Note: You can take the exam next year (NOT in the next year)
4. Use of with:- used with things (instruments)
Ex:- with a knife., with a hammer, with a stick.
5. Use of “By”:-
1. Used with the agent or doer of the action. Ex :- Ramu struck the dog "by" a stick.
2. in the passive voice. Ex: Pandavas were helped by Krishna.
3. to show the mode of travel. Ex:- by bus, by car, by train, by Jeep
4. to refer the future time. Ex: by next July,/ by next Sunday.
5. By means ‘not later than’. Ex: Can you return my book by Friday (=on Friday or earlier)
6. Use of ‘For’:-to indicate a period of time. ( For two years, for a month, for 10min)
Ex:- Hari has been waiting here for 2 hours.
7. Use of ‘since’:-To indicates point of time (since 1995, since May, since 7am)
Ex :- I have not seen him since last month.
8. Use of ‘Between’:- to indicate two persons or things and places.
Ex:- between Uma and Suma, between 10 am and 5 pm, between India and Pakisthan
9. Use of among:- ‘Among’ is used when there are more than two persons or things.
Ex:- The teacher sat among her students, four brothers shared the property among themselves.
10. Use of Beside: Beside is used by the side of.
Ex:- .My house is beside the hospital.
11. Use of Besides:- Besides is used in the meaning of “in addition to”.
Ex:-1. I prepare Chapathi besides Puri. , I know Telugu besides English.
12. Use of upon:- to indicate movement of item. Eg:- The tiger is jumped upon the deer.
Note: On is used with things at rest( it denotes position.) Ex :- He sat "on" a sofa.
13. Use of To:- to indicate place, direction.
Ex: They walked to the west, Raju is Junior to Rani, I prefer Coffee to tea, I go to college daily.
Note: We use ‘to’ for a destination, and ‘towards’ for a direction.
Ex: We are going to Hyd., I am going towards Vizag, now I am at Vijayawada
14. Use of Into:- to show the movement of something from one medium to another.
Ex:- She jumped into the well, They went deep into the forest, The cat ran into the kitchen.
Note: In and at are used for things at rest, while to and into are used for things in motion.
Ex: He is in bed; He is at the top of his class; He ran to school; The rat ran into its hole
15) Before, ago :-
Before: to denote a point of future time. Ex: The sun will rise before 7'o clock
Ago: to refer the past action. Ex : He lived here long ago.
16) Within, in :-
Within : Before the end of time Ex: Archana will be here "within" half an hour.
In : means at the end of time. Ex: I shall be here "in" (= at the end of) two days.
17) Till, to (upto) :-
Till : is used of time. Ex :- He studied till 11 p.m. , I waited for him till 11 O clock
upto : used for place/person. Ex : I went upto Delhi., A man came up to me and asked the address
18) BELOW and UNDER:
Use under when one object is covered by another. below when one object is in a lower position than the other. (Use below when the two objects are not touching.)
Ex: The fish swims below the surface of the water.; The baby is under the blanket.
Ex: The fish swims below the surface of the water.; The baby is under the blanket.
19) OVER and ABOVE
both over and above can mean " higher than someone or something”.( Use above when the two objects are not touching.)
Ex: A light hangs over/above the table.; He raised his arms over/above his head.
Ex: A light hangs over/above the table.; He raised his arms over/above his head.
20) THROUGH, ACCORSS and ALONG:
Through is three dimensional. You go through a tunnel, a doorway, a crowd of people and so on
Ex: The water flows through the pipe., I looked through the telescope.
Across is the two dimensional. You go from one side to the other such as a river or a playground.
Ex: You can get across the Godavari by a ferry
We use along when we follow a line. You go along a path, a road, a passage, a route, and so on.
Ex: We traveled along the river for a few miles, We walked across the river by a bridge
Agreement Features (PREPOSITIONS)
With often denotes the instrument and by the agent
Ex: He was stabbed by a mad-man with a dagger
Do not use any proposition after order, attach, resist, pick, pervade, request, succeed, inform, resemble, assist, violate, combat, benefit, afford, accompany when these verbs are used in the active voice
Ex: They attacked on him violently (wrong, say, They attacked him …..)
Angry with, not against
We get angry with a person, but at a thing as “He is angry at the weather”
Arrive at, not to
We arrived at (and not to) the village at night
Covered with, not by
The entire equipment is covered with dust
Glad of or about, not from or with
I am glad of (or about) the news
Good at, not in
He is good at Mathematics (not in)
(Also bad at, clever at, quick at, slow at but weak in, as in “He is weak in grammar”)
Independent of, not from
Till the age of 18 Ravi was dependent on his parents, but now he is independent of them
Pleased at or with, not from
Mother is pleased at (or with) her daughter’s performance
Popular with, not among
John is popular with his friends (not among)
Take by, not from
He took the blind man by his arm( Also hold by, catch by, snatch by, grasp by)
Tired of, not from
The children were tired of boiled eggs
(Tired with means with no energy as, I am tired with walking, I want to rest)
They were warned of the danger
(But we warn a person against a fault, as in The Policeman warned him against breaking traffic regulations)
0 comments:
Post a Comment