TELANGANA STATE FORMATION- CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS

TELANGANA STATE FORMATION- CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS


Operation Polo to Formation of Andra Pradesh (1948-1956)

Mulki farmana (1919) by Mir Osman Ali Khan described Mulki (local) as a resident of 12 years in Telangana and not willing to go back.

Telangana is part of the erstwhile Hyderabad state which was merged into the Indian Union on September 17, 1948 by Operation Polo (started on 13 Sep 1948). Indian armed forces was headed by Major General Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri,  and Nizam’s army by Major General El Edroos, an Arab.

Note: There are 16 districts in Hyderabad state (8-Telangana; 5 Maratwada and 3 Karnataka)

On September 17, 1948, Military rule started with J.N Chaudary as its head. English was made the official language of the State as a consequence of which only English educated persons (non-mulkies) were recruited into the public sector. Military government ended on December 1, 1949, as a result of the recommendations of the Pandit Sunderlal Committee appointed by the Central government to investigate communal violence against Muslims under the military rule.

Central government appointed a civil servant, M K Vellodi, as the first Chief Minister of Hyderabad state on 26 January 1950. Mother tongue was introduced as a medium of instruction in schools and several teachers were appointed from Madras.

In 1952, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief Minister of Hyderabad state in the first democratic election.

Andhra was the first state to be carved out (from erstwhile Madras state) on linguistic basis on November 1, 1953. It had Kurnool town (in Rayalaseema region) as its capital after the death of Potti Sriramulu who sat on a 53-day fast-unto-death demanding the new state.

In 1953, Govt. appointed Kailasanth Wanchoo committee to find solutions to the various issues that arose during bifurcation of Andhra from Madras.

The proposal for amalgamation of Hyderabad state with Andhra state came up in 1953 and the then Chief Minister of Hyderabad state, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, supported the Congress central leadership's decision in this regard though there was opposition in Telangana region.

Accepting the merger proposal, Andhra assembly passed a resolution on November 25, 1955 promising to safeguard the interests of Telangana.

On 3 December 1955, In Hyderabad assembly out of 174 MLAs, 147 MLAs expressed their view. 103 MLA's (including Marathi and Kannada MLAs) supported the merger, 15 MLAs maintained neutral stand and 29 opposed merger.

Gentlemen's Agreement

On 20 Feb 1956, "Gentlemen's Agreement" was then signed by 8 members,  four from each state. It promised (14 points formula) safeguards to Telangana's interests.  (in Hyderbad House in Delhi)

Gentlemen agreement was signed by following members
Andhra State	Hyderabad state
Bezawada Gopala Reddy, CM, Andhra State	Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, CM, Hyderabad state
N. Sanjeeva Reddy	K.V. Ranga Reddy
Gouthu Latchanna	M. Chenna Reddy
Alluri Satyanarayana Raju	J.V. Narsing Rao

Safeguards to Telangana with 10 points GOI on Aug,10 195.

States Re-organization Committee (SRC)

In 1955, the States Re-organization Committee (SRC) recommended the retention of Hyderabad as a separate state. The Commission was headed by Fazal Ali, Kavalam Madhava Panikkar and H.N. Kunzru. The Commission submitted its report on 30 September 1955. This recommendation was, however, not taken.

The people of Telangana protested that the region was more backward than the coastal regions of Andhra and also alleged that there were injustices in the distribution of budget allocation, employment opportunities and water.

On 1st November 1956, Telangana was merged with the state of Andhra Pradesh, uniting all Telugu-speaking people.

Eventually, under the States Re-organization Act, Telugu-speaking areas of Hyderabad state were merged with Andhra state, giving birth to the state of Andhra Pradesh on November 1, 1956. The city of Hyderabad, the then capital of Hyderabad state, was made the capital of Andhra Pradesh state.

Formation of Andra Pradesh to Telangana Agitations-Phase- I (1956-1969)

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, first CM of AP, disobeyed the Gentlemen act and stated that “The post of Deputy CM is like a 6^th finger. He did not appointed members in the “Pranthiya Mandali”.

Achytha Reddy became the first president of “Pranthiya Mandali”in 1958.

Damodaram Sanjivaiah made K V Rangareddy as deputy CM in 1961 honouring the gentlemen act.

1969 agitations -Phase-I:

On 9 Jan 1969, an agitation began in Telangana region as people protested the failure to implement the Gentlemen's Agreement and other safeguards properly. Ravindranth, from Palvancha (Khammam), demanded the implementation of safeguards and became the first martyr in Telangana agitation.

On 18 Jan 1969, one student died in firing.

On 19 Jan 1969, An All party meeting was held and 45 leaders signed on it.

G.O.No 36.  

On 21 Jan 1969, KBR govt issued G.O.No 36.  

On 28 Mar 1969, Supreme Court striked out the Mulki Rules G.O. 

On 28 Feb 1969, Telangana Praja Samithi (TPS) was founded in by Ananthula Madan Mohan (Lawyer from Siddipet).

Committees on the surplus budget on 1969 Telangana Movement 

Based on the resolutions in all party meeting held on Jan 19, 1969, Lalith Kumar Committee (CAG officer) was appointed on the Telangana surplus budget.  It submitted a report that Telangana has surplus funds of Rs. 69.92 crores for the period from 1956 to 1968.

On 22 Apr 1969, Justice Vasist Bhargav Committee (supreme court Judge) was appointed. Prof M V Madhu and Haribushan Bhanu (Deputy CAG) are members in it. The committee submitted a report that Telangana has surplus funds of Rs. 28.34 crores for the period from 1956 to 1968.

First Telangana map was unveiled by T.Purushothama Rao.

TPS’s call to observe May day (1^st May 1969) as Telangana Demands Day (Korikala Dinotsavam) turned violent. K V Ranga Reddy gave historical speech calling  Gulam Ki Jindagi se Mauth Acchi.

MCR stated that the Naxalite problem in Telangana would intensify if the Telangana State was not formed

Later, Marri Chenna Reddy became president of TPS in 1969. ‘Ravoi Ravoi MCR, Ikanaina Rave Verri Chenna Reddy’ written by Sangam Reddy Satyanarayana. TPS won over 10 Lok Sabha seats in the 1971 elections. Later in September, the members merged into the Congress party after a false treaty with Indira Gandhi.

Konda Laxman Bapuji who demanding regional antinomy till then made a statement demanding a separate state for Telangana for the first time on May 14, 1969.

May 20, 1969 – A convention of Telangana college lecturers was organised at YMCA. A keynote address was given by Prof. Ravada Satyanarayana (OU VC). Nine research papers on the injustices done to Telangana till 1969 were presented in the seminar were later published by Prof. Anand Rao Thotta under the title ‘Telangana Movement – An investigative focus’. This book was recognized as the first book on the Telangana movement by the World Bibliography.

On 1 Jun 1969, Konda Laxman Bapuji started TPCC. He is the first minister to resign for Telangana.

In Sep 1969, KBR resigns and PV becomes new CM.

The agitation intensified and turned violent with students in the forefront of the struggle. About 300 were killed in police firing due to agitations particularly in 1969 and 1972.

8-point formula

After the 1969 agitation, the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi came up with an 8-point plan on April 12, 1969. Telangana leaders rejected the plan and protests continued under the aegis of TPS.

In 1972, Jai Andhra movement started in Andhra-Rayalaseema regions as a counter to Telangana struggle.  The period from 1969 to 1973 was marked by 'Jai Telangana' and 'Jai Andhra' movements.

PV resigned due to Jai Andra agitations.

5-point formula

Indira Gandhi in Nov 1972 came up with 5- point formula,

Mulki rules act passed by Parliament in Dec 1972.

6-point formula

On September 21, 1973, a political settlement was reached with the Centre and a 6-point formula (to suppress Jai Andra) put in place for the development of the backward areas and for preferential treatment to local candidates for employment. (Article 371 D was incorporated through the 32^nd amendment act of the Constitution in 1974. It gave statuary status to 6-point formula. It reduced the minimum period of residence to 4 years.)

Central Gove issued G.O No. 674 (presidential order) and State govt issued G.O.No. 728 in 1975.

In 1984, Jai Bharat Reddy or Officers Commission was set up. Other members are: Umapathi and Kamalnath. They submitted a report that 58962 non local employees were appointed in Telangana from 1972 to 1985.

V. Sundareshan Committee-1985 also supported the report of Jai Bharat Reddy committee.

G.O.  610

In Dec 1985, The then Telugu Desam Party government, headed by N T Rama Rao, brought out a G.O.  610 to safeguard the interests of Telangana people in government employment and promised to send  non local employees to Andra before March, 1986.

In 1987, Journalist Prathap Kishore’s Padayathra from Hyderabad to Delhi.

In Jun 1997, P.Indra Reddy started Jai Telangana Party.

Kakinada Resolution

In 1997, the A.B.VAJPAYEE, BJP supported the formation of a separate state in Kakinada resolution. In 1998 election, it promised 'one vote two states'.

Till 1999, there was no demand from any quarters for division of the state on regional lines.

In 1999, Congress demanded creation of Telangana state.

Congress was then smarting under crushing defeats in successive elections to the state Assembly and Parliament with the ruling Telugu Desam Party in an unassailable position.

J. M. Girglani Commission

On 25^TH June 2021, TDP govt. Chandrabau naidu appointed J. M. Girglani commission (one man committee) to implement GO.610,

Establishment of TRS party:

K. Chandrasekhar Rao launched Telangana Rashtra Samiti on April 27, 2001 to revive the movement. The formation of states like Uttarakhand, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh spurred the demand for Telangana.

In Aug 2002, Telangana Sadhana Samithi established by Ale Narendra was merged in TRS.

During her campaign for the 2004 Lok Sabha polls, Congress president Sonia Gandhi had said that she would respect the sentiments of the people who have been demanding a separate state of Telangana. UPA includes Telangana issue in common minimum programme. TRS fought elections in alliance with Congress, wins 5 Lok Sabha and 26 assembly seats.

In 2005, Centre appointed Pranab Mukharjee Committee

In 2005, Vijaya Shanthi established Thalli Telangana Party, (later merged in TRS in 2009)

In Aug 2007, I. Panduranga Rao committee on Mudigonda Firing incident.

In Oct 2008, TDP changed its stand and announced support for Telangana demand. TRS contested elections in alliance with TDP but its tally came down to two Lok Sabha and 10 assembly seats.

In Sep2009, Chief minister Y S Rajasekhara Reddy died in helicopter crash, triggering political uncertainty.

Free zone

On 9 Oct 2009, Supreme declared that Hyderabad is a free zone.

On 29 Nov 2009, KCR went on a hunger strike for a separate Telangana. Many young people also committed suicide for the movement.

On4 Dec 2009, TJAC was formed

As KCR’s health was deteriorating very fast, on Dec 9th 2009, Chidambaram announced that the process of statehood for Telangana would be initiated.  KCR withdraws fast on Dec10 (11 days)

On Dec 23, 2009, following protests in Rayalaseema and Andhra regions (Seemandhra) and en mass resignations of MPs and state legislators, Chidambaram gave 2^nd statement that centre put the process on hold citing need for consensus.

Srikrishna Committee

On 3^rd Feb 2010, the five member Srikrishna Committee (also known as CCSAP -Telangana or the Committee for Consultations on the Situation in Andhra Pradesh) was appointed to “bring about a permanent solution” to this issue. The other members of the committee are: Prof.Ranbir Singh, Abusaleh Shariff, Dr Ravinder Kaur and Vinod K. Duggal.

In Dec 2010, The committee's report suggested 6 options of which options 1 through 4 were advised to be not feasible. The 5^th option is to bifurcate the State into Telangana with Hyderabad as its capital and Seemandhra which is to have a new capital city. The 6^th  option is Keeping the State united and providing for creation of a statutorily empowered Telangana Regional Council with the spirit of “Gentlemen's Agreement of 1956", However, owing to pressure, the Union cabinet approved a bill for the bifurcation of the state.

2011….

On 17 February 2011, a noncooperation movement was started which lasted for 16 days by government employees.

On 1^st March 2011, Palle Palle pattala paiki

On 10 March 2011, Million March was organised by Telangana JAC in Hyderabad. Telangana activists damaged 16 statues of personalities representing Andhra culture.

In July, 81 of 119 Telangana MLAs in the state, 12 out of 15 Telangana ministers in state, 13 out of 17 Telangana MPs in Lok Sabha, 1 Rajyasabha MP (Congress), 20 MLCs resigned protesting delay in the formation of Telangana.

On 20 July 30-year-old Yadi Reddy(Constable) was found dead 100 yards from Parliament House in Delhi.

In Sep 2011, Nagam Janardhan Reddy established Telangana Nagaara Samithi.

On 12 September 2011, a day before Sakala Janula Samme (All people's strike), TRS organized a public meeting in Karimnagar which was attended by over a million people including TJAC leaders, BJP and New Democracy party leaders.

SJS was started on 13th September 2011, supported by teachers, lawyers, singareni employees. It lasted for 42 days.

2012…

On 14 August 2012, KCR gave a deadline to the centre to declare statehood in 2 weeks by 30 September.

On 30^th Sep 2012, the TJAC organized 'Telangana March' in Hyderabad on the lines of the 'Dandi March’.

30 Sep 2012, death of Konda Laxman Bapuji.

2013….

On Jan 27, 28^th 2013, TJAC Samarabheri.

On March 21^st 2013, Sadak Bandh

On Sep 29^th 2013, Sakala JanaBheri

On 3 October 2013, the Union Cabinet approved the creation of the new State of Telangana. A Group of Ministers (GoM) headed by union home minister Sushilkumar Shinde was created to settle issues.

The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Bill-2013 was passed in 2014. Hyderabad was suggested as a common capital. It will remain so for not more than 10 years after which it will be the capital of Telangana alone, and Andhra Pradesh would get a new capital.

On 5^th December 2013, the cabinet approved the Telangana draft bill prepared by Group of Ministers. Bill sent to President Pranab Mukherjee with a request to make a reference to Andhra Pradesh legislature to obtain its views under Article 3 of the Constitution. The President gave time till Jan 23 to the state legislature to give its views.

This bill was rejected by the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly on 30 January 2014.

2014….

The Bill introduced in Lok Sabha on Feb 13, 2014  amid clashes between MPs from Seemandhra and Telangana. L Rajagopal, a MP from Seemandhra, used pepper spray in the house. Speaker suspended 16 MPs including Rajagopal for rest of the session.

The bill was passed in the Lok Sabha on 18 February 2014; on Feb 19, 2014: Kiran Reddy resigns as the chief minister to protest bifurcation.

Bill passed in Rajya Sabha on 20 February 2014. Manmohan Singh(PM) announces package for Seemandhra.

The bill was attested by the President of India, Pranab Mukherjee on 1 March 2014 and published in the official Gazette on 2 March 2014.

In the General Elections held in April 2014, Telangana Rashtra Samithi emerged victorious by winning 63 of the 119 seats & 11 MP seats and formed the government. Sri K Chandrashekar Rao was sworn in as the First Chief Minister of Telangana. The Telangana state was inaugurated formally on 2nd June 2014.