Method, approach and technique
In 1963, American
applied linguist, Edward Anthony introduced 3 levels of conceptualization and
association which he labelled as “approach, method and technique.”
He used the term “Approach”
in it.
Some people
consider only classroom teaching as method; others include it in the
term selection and graduation of method to be.
According to Edward
Anthony an approach states a point of view or philosophy.
W F Mackey says
method determines what and how much is a taught (selection); the order in which
it is taught (graduation); how the meaning and form are conveyed (presentation)
Method deals with:
selection, graduation, presentation and repetition.
Approach
Ø Approach is a set
of assumptions regarding the nature of the language and the process involved in
teaching learning process.
Ø It deals with
linguistic and psychological factors.
Ø It is philosophical/theoretical
in character.
Ø It forms basis of
the methods.
Ø It is an overall
plan of presentation.
Ø It is prepared
according to approach.
Method
Ø Method takes its
origin in an approach.
Ø It includes what
and how of teaching.
Ø It is procedural in
character.
Technique
Ø Technique deals
with the classroom activity.
Ø It is trick or plan
used to fulfil immediate objective.
Ø It is the actual implementation
of method in classroom.
Ø All techniques
confirm to the procedural method.
Ø If one technique is
not effective, teacher uses another.
Ex: dramatization, language games, oral
drills
Importance of method
In order to know ‘how
to achieve’, we should first all know ‘what to achieve?’.
Bertrand Russell
says “what should be taught? and how should be taught? are intimately connected
because if better methods of techniques are devised, it is possible to learn
more.
Different
approaches may share the same techniques and also the same methods.
Techniques
approaches and methods are interdependent.
Techniques mainly
stress on what takes place in the classroom.
According to Yardy,
“method is rigid, while approach is flexible.”
An approach can
have any number of methods and a method can use any number of techniques
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