TG SET 2024 PAPER-II- ENGLISH (HELD ON 12.09.2024)

Q.51 Who among the following propounded a theory of performativity in gender studies?

1. Julia Kristeva

2. Sarah Kaufman

3. Judith Butler

4. Jane Gallop

Explanation: The theory of performativity in gender studies, most notably developed by Judith Butler. She argues that gender is constructed through repeated performances—actions and behaviors that align with cultural norms of masculinity and femininity. These performances create the illusion of a stable gender identity.

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Q.52 Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R

Assertion A: Alice Munro’s stories are never conclusive.

Reason R: They continue to work their peculiar ‘puzzle-magic’ in us long after we think we are done reading them.



In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

3. A is correct but R is not correct.

4. A is not correct but R is correct.

Explanation: Alice Munro's stories are known for their open-endedness and complexity, which aligns with Assertion A. Reason R explains how this quality allows her stories to resonate with readers even after they finish reading, reinforcing the idea that her narratives are designed to linger and provoke thought.

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Q.53 Which of the following works by Jonathan Swift is a religious allegory?

1. The Battle of the Books

2. A Modest Proposal

3. The Drapier’s Letters

4. A Tale of a Tub

Explanation: "A Tale of a Tub" is a satirical work by Jonathan Swift, published in 1704. The text is often regarded as one of Swift's major early works and serves as both a parody and a critique of religious and literary practices of his time.

The narrative uses allegory to represent different branches of Christianity—Catholicism, Anglicanism, and Protestantism—through three brothers: Peter, Martin, and Jack. Each brother symbolizes a different religious sect, illustrating the conflicts and divisions within Christianity.

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Q.54 Which of the following is NOT a short story by Mulk Raj Anand?

1. “The Barber’s Trade Union”

2. “The Mark of Vishnu”

3. “Lajwanti”

4. “The Tractor and the Corn Goddess”

Explanation: “The Mark of Vishnu” is a short story by Khushwant Singh that explores themes of identity, religion, and social prejudice in India.

The story centers around a chance encounter between the narrator, who is a young man, and a holy man, or sadhu, on a train journey. The sadhu has the distinct mark of Vishnu, a symbol of his religious identity, which prompts a series of reflections and interactions.

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Q.55 Who is the author of “Anthem for Doomed Youth”?

1. Rupert Brooke

2. Siegfried Sassoon

3. Edward Thomas

4. Wilfred Owen

Explanation: The author of "Anthem for Doomed Youth" is Wilfred Owen. He was a British poet known for his poignant and powerful depictions of the horrors of World War I, and this poem specifically addresses the tragic loss of young lives in battle.

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Q.56 Who coined the term ‘habitus’ in cultural theory?

1. Claude Levi-Strauss

2. Maurice Bloch

3. Pierre Bourdieu

4. Richard Hoggart

Explanation: The term 'habitus' in cultural theory was coined by Pierre Bourdieu. Bourdieu used the concept to describe the deeply ingrained habits, skills, and dispositions that individuals acquire through their life experiences and social environments. It emphasizes how these internalized patterns shape behavior, perceptions, and practices within various social contexts.

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Q.57 In A Theory of Literary Production, Pierre Macherey combines:

I. Marxism

II. Existentialism

III. Pragmatism

IV. Freudianism



Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 2 and 3 only

2. 1 and 3 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 1 and 4 only

Explanation: Macherey's work draws on Marxist theory, particularly in relation to the social and economic contexts of literature and the relationship between ideology and literary production.

Freudianism refers to the theories and concepts developed by Sigmund Freud, the Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis.

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Q.58 Which of these did the Wood's Despatch (1854) seek to achieve?

I. Impart Western knowledge to Indians

II. Restrict access to English learning in India

III. Educate British officers in Sanskrit and Persian

IV. Create a class of public servants



Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 1 and 2 only

2. 3 and 4 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 1 and 4 only

Explanation: The Wood's Despatch of 1854 aimed to promote education in India, emphasizing the importance of Western knowledge and scientific education. It also sought to create a class of educated Indians who could assist in governance, but the primary focus was on imparting Western-style education and create a class of public servants

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Q.59 What is the fictional setting of Chinua Achebe's Anthills of the Savannah?

1. Kangan

2. Abruuria

3. Ewawa

4. Umbazi

Explanation: The fictional setting of Chinua Achebe's "Anthills of the Savannah" is the imaginary West African country of Kangan. The novel is set in the context of post-colonial Nigeria, exploring themes of politics, power, and social issues. Kangan reflects the complexities and challenges faced by African nations following independence, including corruption, governance struggles, and the impact of colonial history on contemporary society. Through its characters and events, the novel delves into the interplay of tradition and modernity within this setting.

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Q.60 Match List I with List II.

List I Novel

a. Cry, the Peacock

b. English, August

c. The Hungry Tide

d. The White Tiger



List II Author

i. Anita Desai

ii. Amitav Ghosh

iii. Aravind Adiga

iv. Upamanyu Chatterjee



Options:

1. a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii

2. a-i, b-iii, c-ii. d-iv

3. a-i. b-ii, e-iv, d-iii

4. a-i. b-iv. c-ii, d-iii

Explanation: Here is the correct matching of List I with List II:

a. Cry, the Peacock - i. Anita Desai

b. English, August - iv. Upamanyu Chatterjee

c. The Hungry Tide - ii. Amitav Ghosh

d. The White Tiger - iii. Aravind Adiga

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Q.61 Who among the following proposed the Three Circle model of World Englishes?

1. David Crystal

2. Braj B. Kachru

3. Alastair Pennycook

4. Vaidehi Ramanathan

Explanation: Braj B. Kachru proposed the Three Circle model of World Englishes, which categorizes English into three circles: the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle. This model helps to understand the different roles and varieties of English around the world.

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Q.62 Match List I with List II.

List I Character

a. the Red Cross Knight

b. Britomart

c. Artegall

d. Calidore



List II Quality

i. Chastity

ii. Holiness

iii. Justice

iv. Courtesy



Choose the correct answer:

1. a-ii. b-i, c-iii, d-iv

2. a-i. b-iii. c-ii, d-iv

3. a-i. b-ii. c-iv, d-iii

4. a-i, b-iv, c-ii, d-iii

Explanation: Here is the correct matching of List I with List II:

a. the Red Cross Knight - ii. Holiness

b. Britomart - i. Chastity

c. Artegall - iii. Justice

d. Calidore - iv. Courtesy

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Q.63 Who among the following coined the term, “the anxiety of influence”?

1. J. Hillis Miller

2. Harold Bloom

3. Richard Rorty

4. Stanley Cavell

Explanation: Harold Bloom coined the term "the anxiety of influence" to describe the struggle that writers experience when they feel the pressure of their literary predecessors.

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Q.64 Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot is marked by:

I. Traditional plotting.

II. Meaningless dialogues.

III. Linear action.

IV. Repetition and circularity.



Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 1 and 2 only

2. 3 and 4 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 1 and 4 only

Explanation: "Waiting for Godot" is characterized by meaningless dialogues and features repetition and circularity in its structure, reflecting the themes of absurdity and existentialism. It does not adhere to traditional plotting or linear action.

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Q.65 Philip Larkin’s “Aubade” is a poem about the terror of:

1. Darkness.

2. Disease.

3. Death.

4. Disability.

Explanation: Philip Larkin's poem "Aubade" explores the theme of death and the existential fear it brings, reflecting on the inevitability of mortality and the anxiety associated with it.

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Q.66 What is the setting of John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger?

1. A busy London pub

2. A one-room flat in the Midlands

3. A cramped basement in Soho

4. A Barton Hill health clinic

Explanation: The setting of John Osborne’s "Look Back in Anger" is primarily in a small, cramped flat in a fictional Midlands town in England during the 1950s. The play unfolds in a post-World War II context, reflecting the struggles of the working class and the disillusionment of the era. The domestic space serves as a microcosm for the larger social and political tensions of the time, highlighting themes of anger, frustration, and generational conflict. The characters’ interactions within this setting reveal their personal and societal struggles, making the flat an integral part of the play's exploration of contemporary issues.

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Q.67 When was the First Folio of Shakespeare’s collected works published?

1. 1632

2. 1623

3. 1597

4. 1604

Explanation: The First Folio of Shakespeare’s collected works was published in 1623. This edition is significant because it is the first collected edition of Shakespeare's plays, compiling 36 of his works and providing a crucial source for many of his texts.

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Q.68 Audio-lingualism in the teaching of English emphasises:

I. Mechanical repetition.

II. Error correction.

III. Use of songs and stories.

IV. Developing multilingual learners.



Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 1 and 2 only

2. 1 and 3 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 3 and 4 only

Explanation: Audio-lingualism emphasizes mechanical repetition and error correction as key components in language teaching. It primarily focuses on drills and pattern practice to develop language skills. The use of songs and stories and developing multilingual learners are not central to this approach.

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Q.69 Who among the following playwrights is associated with the term “comedy of menace”?

1. Edward Bond

2. Arnold Wesker

3. Harold Pinter

4. Samuel Beckett

Explanation: Harold Pinter is associated with the term "comedy of menace," a style that combines elements of comedy with underlying themes of tension and threat, often exploring the darker aspects of human relationships.

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Q.70 To a deconstructive critic:

I. The freedom of the text exists for its own sake.

II. A text is a chain of signifiers.

III. A text designates all verbal constructions.

IV. The text is deconstructed into a decidable cluster of opposed significations.



Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 1 and 2 only

2. 2 and 3 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 1 and 4 only

Explanation: A deconstructive critic views a text as a chain of signifiers (point 2) and acknowledges that a text can be deconstructed into a complex cluster of opposed significations (point 4). Points 1 and 3 do not accurately reflect deconstructive criticism.

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Q.71 Which of these expressions were coined by William Shakespeare?

I. Melted into thin air

II. Break the ice

III. Pandemonium

IV. Lovelorn

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 3 and 2 only

2. 1 and 2 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 3 and 4 only

Explanation: only "melted into thin air" and "break the ice" were coined by Shakespeare.

"Melted into thin air" comes from The Tempest.

"Break the ice" is used in The Taming of the Shrew.

"Pandemonium" comes from John Milton, not Shakespeare.

"Lovelorn" is also attributed John Milton, not Shakespeare

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Q.72 Who among the following created the character, Sir Roger de Coverley?

1. Richard Steele

2. Oliver Goldsmith

3. Samuel Johnson

4. Joseph Addison

Explanation: Sir Roger de Coverley, fictional character, devised by Joseph Addison, who portrayed him as the ostensible author of papers and letters that were published in Addison and Richard Steele ’s influential periodical The Spectator.

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Q.73 Which African-American novel has the famous ‘battle royal scene?

1. Richard Wright, Native Son

2. Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man

3. James Baldwin, Go Tell It on the Mountain

4. Alice Walker, Color Purple

Explanation: The "battle royal" scene is a significant and powerful moment in Ellison's "Invisible Man," illustrating the brutal realities of racism and the struggle for identity.

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Q.74 Identify the correct chronological sequence of the sections in The Waste Land.

I. The Burial of the Dead

II. What the Thunder Said

III. A Game of Chess

IV. The Fire Sermon

V. Death by Water



Options.

1. 1,4,3,5,2

2. 1,3,4,5, 2

3. 1,2,4,5,3

4. 1,5,2,3,4

Explanation: The correct chronological sequence of the sections in The Waste Land is:

I. The Burial of the Dead

III. A Game of Chess

IV. The Fire Sermon

V. Death by Water

II. What the Thunder Said

So, the correct order is: 1, 3, 4, 5, 2.

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Q.75 Which of these is generally taken to be true of Cultural Studies?

I. It is politically engaged.

II. It privileges text over context.

III. It is entirely American in origin.

IV. It studies the means of production of a text.



Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 2 and 3 only

2. 1 and 4 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 3 and 4 only

Explanation: Cultural Studies is generally considered politically engaged and often examines the means of production of a text. It does not privilege text over context and is not entirely American in origin, as it has roots in British cultural studies as well.

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Q.76 Samuel Beckett’s Krapp’s Last Tape is an example of:

1. Monodrama.

2. Monody.

3. Interlude.

4. Kitchen-sink drama.

Explanation: Samuel Beckett's "Krapp's Last Tape" is considered a monodrama, as it features a single character (Krapp) who reflects on his life and experiences through the listening of recorded tapes.

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Q.77 Which of the following poems are by William Blake?

I. “The Thom”

II. “The Chimney Sweeper”

III. “A Poison Tree”

IV. “The Idiot Boy”



Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 2 and 3 only

2. 3 and 4 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 1 and 4 only

Explanation: William Blake wrote “The Chimney Sweeper,” and “A Poison Tree.”

“The Thom” is not by Blake.

“The Idiot Boy” is by William Wordsworth.

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Q.78 J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace ends with David Lurie saying, “Yes, I am giving him up”. Who/what does he give up?

1. An old horse

2. A sick bird

3. A crippled dog

4. A lame cat

Explanation: In J.M. Coetzee’s "Disgrace," David Lurie says, “Yes, I am giving him up” in reference to a sick dog. The statement reflects themes of responsibility, loss, and the moral complexities he faces throughout the novel.

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Q.79 Who among the following wrote. “poetry makes nothing happen”?

1. W. H. Auden

2. W. B. Yeats

3. Louis MacNeice

4. T. S. Eliot

Explanation: The phrase “poetry makes nothing happen” is written by W. H. Auden. It appears in his poem "In Memory of W. B. Yeats," reflecting on the role of poetry in the context of societal and political events.

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Q.80 Dryden’s An Essay of Dramatic Poesy stages a conversation between four gentlemen. They are:

1. Crites. Eugenius. Lisideius, Demetrius

2. Eugenius, Crites. Lisideius. Neander

3. Cephalus, Leander. Crites. Agapetus

4. Crites, Akakios, Atticus, Chimera

Explanation: Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius, Neander

In "An Essay of Dramatic Poesy," John Dryden stages a conversation between these four characters, who discuss various aspects of drama and poetic forms.

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Q.81 All the following statements are true of Seamus Heaney EXCEPT:

1. He was born in Ireland.

2. He won Nobel Prize for Literature in 1990.

3. His poems often deal with nature.

4. He translated the epic Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf.

Explanation: Seamus Heaney won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1995, not 1990.

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Q.82 Identify the correct chronological order of publication:

I. The Location of Culture

II. Orientalism

III. The Prison-House of Language

IV. Allegories of Reading



Options:

1. 3, 4, 1, 2

2. 3, 2, 4, 1

3. 1, 3, 4, 2

4. 2, 3,1,4

Explanation: The correct chronological order is "3. Orientalism" (1978), "2. The Prison-House of Language" (1980), "4. The Location of Culture" (1994), and "1. Allegories of Reading" (1979).

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Q.83 The term, “intentional fallacy”, as used by Wimsatt and Beardsley in their 1946 essay. Asserts that an author’s intended aims and meanings in writing a literary work are:

I. Irrelevant to the literary critic.

II. Can be a source of a harmful mistake.

III. Of inherent value in judging a literary text.

IV. Crucial inputs for assessing the work under examination.



Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 1 and 2 only

2. 1 and 3 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 3 and 4 only

Explanation: Wimsatt and Beardsley assert that the author's intentions are irrelevant to the literary critic and can be a source of harmful mistakes.

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Q.84 Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go is an example of a:

1. Picaresque novel.

2. Novel in letters.

3. Dystopian novel.

4. Novel of manners.

Explanation: "Never Let Me Go" by Kazuo Ishiguro is a dystopian novel.

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Q.85 Who coined the formulation, ‘the White Man’s burden’?

1. Joseph Conrad

2. Winston Churchill

3. Rudyard Kipling

4. T.B. Macaulay

Explanation: "The White Man's Burden" is a phrase popularized by Rudyard Kipling in his poem of the same name, published in 1899. It refers to the idea that it was the duty of European and American powers to bring civilization and culture to colonized peoples. The phrase has been widely criticized as a justification for imperialism and colonialism, reflecting a paternalistic attitude toward non-Western societies and reinforcing notions of racial superiority.

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Q.86 Which pair is chosen by Matthew Arnold in “The Study of Poetry” as examples of classic poets?

I. Chaucer

II. Shakespeare

III. Ovid

IV. Homer



Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 1 and 2 only

2. 1 and 3 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 3 and 4 only

Explanation: In "The Study of Poetry," Matthew Arnold considers Shakespeare and Homer as examples of classic poets. Therefore, the correct answer is: 2 and 4 only

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Q.87 Edward Albee’s Who Is Afraid of Virginia Woolf is best described as a:

1. Dark comedy.

2. Romantic comedy.

3. Burlesque.

4. Comedy of humours.

Explanation: Dark comedy.

This play blends tragic themes with elements of humor, often highlighting the complexities and absurdities of relationships.

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Q.88 A well-known poem of Ted Hughes is “Hawk Roosting”. What is the meaning of the verb roost’?

1. To search or discover

2. To sit or rest

3. To swoop to attack

4. To control or command

Explanation: n the context of Ted Hughes's poem “Hawk Roosting,” the verb "roost" means "to sit or rest." It refers to the hawk perching or settling down, typically in a high place, which is significant in the poem's exploration of power and dominance in nature.

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Q.89 Who is the author of The Language Instinct?

1. Paul Grice

2. Steven Pinker

3. Noam Chomsky

4. Eve Clark

Explanation: The author of **The Language Instinct** is **2. Steven Pinker**. Steven Pinker is a prominent cognitive psychologist, linguist, and author known for his work on language, the mind, and human nature. He has written several influential books, including:

The Language Instinct - This book argues that the ability to acquire language is innate to humans.

How the Mind Works - In this work, he explores various aspects of cognitive science and the evolution of the mind.

The Better Angels of Our Nature - This book examines the decline of violence throughout human history.

Pinker is also a professor at Harvard University and has contributed significantly to public discourse on science, psychology, and language. His writing often combines insights from psychology, linguistics, and evolutionary biology.

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Q.90 As a concept ‘foregrounding’ is associated with:

1. Postmodernism.

2. Readerly texts.

3. Russian Formalism.

4. Commodity fetishism.

Explanation: Foregrounding is a concept that originated in Russian Formalism, where it refers to the techniques used by authors to make certain elements of a text stand out, thus drawing the reader's attention and enhancing the aesthetic experience.

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Q.91 The Circumlocution Office figures in Dickens’s:

1. Little Dorrit.

2. Bleak House.

3. Great Expectations.

4. David Copperfield.

Explanation: Little Dorrit.

The Circumlocution Office is a satirical representation of bureaucracy in Dickens's novel, highlighting the inefficiencies and absurdities of governmental institutions.

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Q.92 Match List I with List II.

List I Character

A. Elizabeth Bennet

B. Mrs Ramsay

C. Becky Sharp

D. Mrs Wilcox



List II Work

I. Howard’s End

II. Pride and Prejudice

III. To the Lighthouse

IV. Vanity Fair



Options:

1. a-ii. B-iii. C-iv. D-i

2. A-iv. B-ii. C-I, d-iii

3. A-iii. B-ii, ci, diii

4. A-iv, b-ii, c-iii. D-i

Explanation: The correct matches are:

A. Elizabeth Bennet - II. Pride and Prejudice

B. Mrs Ramsay - III. To the Lighthouse

C. Becky Sharp - IV. Vanity Fair

D. Mrs Wilcox - I. Howard’s End

So, the answer is 1. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.

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Q 93. What is the sub-title of Alice Walker’s In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens?

1. Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black

2. The Female Search for Love

3. Womanist Prose

4. Memories of Girlhood

Explanation: The subtitle of Alice Walker’s In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens is "Womanist Prose."

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Q.94 The following scholars helped establish the discipline of cultural studies in the academia EXCEPT:

1. Stephen Greenblatt

2. Richard Hoggart

3. Stuart Hall

4. Raymond Williams

Explanation: Stephen Greenblatt. While he is a significant figure in literary studies and has contributed to cultural criticism, he is not typically associated with the founding of cultural studies as a discipline in the same way that Hoggart, Hall, and Williams are.

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Q.95 Wordsworh’s preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads mentions:

1. “the art that hides art”

2. “at once natural and new”

3. “a selection of language really used by men”

4. “the main region of my song”

Explanation: “a selection of language really used by men.” This phrase reflects Wordsworth's emphasis on using everyday language in his poetry, which he articulated in the preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads.

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Q.96 Who among the following is the author of A Journal of the Plague Year?

1. Samuel Butler

2. Jonathan Swift

3. Daniel Defoe

4. Henry Fielding

Explanation: Daniel Defoe. He wrote A Journal of the Plague Year, which is a fictional account of the bubonic plague that struck London in 1665.

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Q.97 Oedipus recognition. In Oedipus Tyrannus, that he himself has killed his own father Laius, married his mother Jocasta, and brought the plague upon Thebes is an example of:

1. Anagnorisis.

2. Analepsis.

3. Peripeteia.

4. Catharsis.

Explanation: Anagnorisis. Anagnorisis refers to the moment of recognition or discovery, particularly when a character realizes a critical piece of information about their identity or circumstances, as seen in Oedipus's realization of his tragic fate.

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Q.98 Which of the following statements are true?

I. The uvular sounds do not occur regularly in English.

II. The English consonants, ‘k’ and ‘g’ are classified as bilabial.

III. A diphthong is sequence of three sounds.

IV. Sounds that are stopped completely in the oral cavity for a brief period are stops.



Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 1 and 2 only

2. 1 and 3 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 1 and 4 only

Explanation: The correct answer is 4. 1 and 4 only.

Statement I is true: Uvular sounds do not regularly occur in English.

Statement II is false: The English consonants ‘k’ and ‘g’ are classified as velar, not bilabial.

Statement III is false: A diphthong is a combination of two vowel sounds within the same syllable, not three.

Statement IV is true: Sounds that are stopped completely in the oral cavity for a brief period are indeed called stops.

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Q.99 Which two fictional works among the following end with the death of the protagonist/a major character?

I. Joyce, “The Dead”

II. Tolstoy, Anna Karenina

III. Kafka, The Metamorphosis

IV. Hemingway. The Old Man and the Sea



Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 2 and 3 only

2. 1 and 3 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 1 and 4 only

Explanation: The correct answer is 3. 2 and 4 only.

Tolstoy, Anna Karenina ends with the death of Anna.

Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea concludes with the old man's struggle, but he does not die; however, the theme centers on the struggle against death.

Joyce, “The Dead” ends with a moment of realization but does not conclude with a death.

Kafka, The Metamorphosis features the death of Gregor Samsa, but the focus is more on transformation than a conventional ending with death.

So, the works that fit the criteria are Anna Karenina and The Old Man and the Sea.

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Q.100 Who among the following poets is known to have written poems in ‘Indian English?

1. A.K. Ramanujan

2. Jayanta Mahapatra

3. Nissim Ezekiel

4. Gieve Patel

Explanation: Nissim Ezekiel is well-known for his contributions to Indian English poetry and is often regarded as one of the pioneers of modern Indian English literature. While A.K. Ramanujan, Jayanta Mahapatra, and Gieve Patel have also written in English, Ezekiel is specifically recognized for his significant role in establishing Indian English poetry.

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Q.101 A research hypothesis is a statement of:

1. Expectation or prediction that will be tested by research.

2. The exact method to be followed in research.

3. The effect the present study has on similar studies.

4. The idea derived from a rigorous analysis of data.

Explanation: Expectation or prediction that will be tested by research.

A research hypothesis is essentially a proposed explanation or prediction that researchers aim to test through their study. It provides a basis for conducting experiments or observations to confirm or refute the hypothesis.

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Q.102 As a critic/theorist Cathy Caruth is associated with:

1. New Humanism.

2. The Prague school.

3. Trauma theory.

4. Psychobiography.

Explanation: Trauma theory.

Cathy Caruth is a prominent figure in trauma studies, exploring how trauma impacts narrative and memory, particularly in literature and psychology. Her work has been influential in understanding the representation of trauma in cultural contexts.

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Q.103 The communicative approach in the teaching of English has its focus on:

1. The teacher.

2. The text book.

3. The learner.

4. The method.

Explanation: The learner.

The communicative approach emphasizes the importance of engaging learners in meaningful communication, focusing on their needs and experiences rather than solely on grammar and rote learning.

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Q.104 As a research method discourse analysis is concerned with the investigation of:

1. Rationale.

2. Subject.

3. Context.

4. Language.

Explanation: Language.

Discourse analysis examines language use in communication, looking at how language shapes and is shaped by social contexts, interactions, and meanings.

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Q.105 Mosca is a character in Ben Jonson's:

1. Volpone

2. Everyman in His Humour

3. The Alchemist

4. Bartholomew Fair

Explanation: Mosca is a key character in Ben Jonson's play "Volpone," serving as the cunning servant to the main character, Volpone. He is known for his cleverness and manipulative nature, playing a crucial role in the plot as he assists his master, Volpone, in deceiving various characters to gain wealth.

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Q.106 Who among the following is NOT a part of the Latin American “boom” writers of the 1960s?

1. Gabriel Garcia Marquez

2. Juan Rulfo

3. Carlos Fuentes

4. Mario Vargas Llosa

Explanation: Juan Rulfo

While Juan Rulfo is a significant figure in Latin American literature, he is not typically classified among the "boom" writers, who include Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Carlos Fuentes, and Mario Vargas Llosa. Rulfo's major work, "Pedro Páramo," was published earlier, in 1955.

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Q.107 Who among the following is NOT an American essayist?

1. R. W. Emerson

2. E. B. White

3. Susan Sontag

4.Max Beerbohm

Explanation: Max Beerbohm

Max Beerbohm was a British essayist, caricaturist, and critic, while R. W. Emerson, E. B. White, and Susan Sontag are all noted American essayists.

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Q.108 Frances Burney’s Evelina is a:

1. Roman a clef.

2. Novel of manners

3. Gothic novel.

4. Pastoral novel.

Explanation: Novel of manners.

It explores social customs and the complexities of society in the 18th century.Evelina is considered a novel of manners because it focuses on the social behaviors, customs, and interactions of its characters, particularly within the context of 18th-century British society. The narrative delves into themes of class, gender, and social propriety, reflecting the norms and values of the time.

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Q.109 Who has coined the phrase, “hermeneutics of suspicion”?

1. Mikhail Bakhtin

2. Paul Ricoeur

3. Hayden White

4. Edward Said

Explanation: The phrase "hermeneutics of suspicion" was coined by the philosopher Paul Ricoeur. It refers to a critical interpretative approach that seeks to uncover underlying meanings and assumptions, often in the context of literary and philosophical texts.

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Q.110 William Wycherley’s The Country Wife is an example of

1. Comedie larmoyante.

2. Comedy of humours.

3. Comedy of manners.

4. Commedia dell’ arte.

Explanation: This genre satirizes the behaviors and morals of the upper class, focusing on social conventions and relationships. The Country Wife is indeed a classic example of a comedy of manners, where social norms and behaviors are humorously critiqued

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Q.111 Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess” presents the Duke of:

1. Carcaci.

2. Genoa.

3. Reggio.

4. Ferrara.

Explanation: Robert Browning's "My Last Duchess" presents the Duke of Ferrara. The poem is a dramatic monologue in which the Duke reveals his possessive and controlling nature as he talks about a portrait of his late wife. If you have more questions about the poem or anything else, feel free to ask!

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Q.112 The Co-operative Principle was first described by:

1. Peter Trudgill.

2. George Yule.

3. B.L. Whorf.

4. Paul Grice.

Explanation: The Co-operative Principle was first described by Paul Grice. He introduced this principle as part of his theory of implicature in the study of conversational maxims.

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Q.113 What is a Burns stanza?

1. A six-line stanza rhyming ababab

2. A four-line stanza rhyming abab

3. A five-line stanza rhyming abaab

4. A six-line stanza rhyming aaabab

Explanation: A Burns stanza, also known as the Standard Habbie stanza, is a type of six-line rhyming poem named after Scotland's national poet, Robert Burns. It follows a specific rhyming scheme: AAABAB

The first and second lines rhyme, as do the third and fourth lines, and the fifth and sixth lines.

This stanza structure was popularized by Burns in his poems, particularly in "Habbie Simpson" (also known as "The Epitaph"), and has since been used by other poets.

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Q.114 Impressionistic criticism broadly relies on:

1. Analysis.

2. Feeling.

3. Reason.

4. Judgment.

Explanation: 1. Feeling.

Impressionistic criticism is a literary criticism approach focusing on the reader's personal response, emotions, and impressions after reading a text. It emphasizes subjective experience and emotional resonance, prioritizing the reader's feelings and intuition over analytical or rational analysis.

Impressionistic critics aim to capture the essence or atmosphere of a work, exploring how it affects them personally, rather than analyzing its structural or technical aspects.

This approach contrasts with more objective or analytical methods like formalism, structuralism, or post-structuralism, which focus on elements like plot, character development, themes, or historical context.

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Q.115 Match List I with List II

List I Theorist

A. John R. Searle

B. Wolfgang Iser

C. Kate Millet

D. Edward Said



List II Book Title

I. The Act of Reading

II. Culture and Imperialism

III. Speech Acts

IV. Sexual Politics



Options:

1. A-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i

2. A-iv, b-ii, C-I, d-iii

3. A-iii, b-ii, c-I, d-iv

4. A-iii, B-I, c-iv, D-ii

Explanation:

John R. Searle is known for his work in speech act theory, which explores how language is used to perform actions. His book "Speech Acts" (1969) is a seminal work in this field.

Wolfgang Iser, a German literary theorist, wrote "The Act of Reading" (1978), which focuses on reader-response criticism and the role of the reader in interpreting texts.

Kate Millet's influential feminist book "Sexual Politics" (1970) critiques patriarchal ideologies in literature and society.

Edward Said's "Culture and Imperialism" (1993) examines the relationship between culture and empire, exploring how Western literature reflects and shapes colonial attitudes.

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Q.116 The limerick is a:

1. Small three-line poem usually having 17 syllables.

2. Fourteen-line poem ending in a couplet.

3. Sixteen-line poem expressing an elaborate joke.

4. mall five-line poem expressing a single thought.

Explanation: The correct answer is: Small five-line poem expressing a single thought.

A limerick is a type of humorous poem consisting of five lines, typically with a specific rhyming scheme and meter:

- Lines 1, 2, and 5 have 8-10 syllables and a consistent rhythm

- Lines 3 and 4 have 5-7 syllables and a consistent rhythm

- Rhyming scheme: AABBA

The structure of a limerick usually follows this pattern:

- Lines 1-2: Introduce the subject

- Lines 3-4: Develop the idea

- Line 5: Provide a punchline or unexpected twist

Limericks often use wordplay, satire, or irony to convey a humorous or witty message.

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Q.117 Which of the following is NOT a part of the practice in ‘digital humanities’?

1.Intersection of computing and the disciplines of the humanities

2. Interdisciplinarity

3. Reinforcing the Great Tradition

4. Processing information in electronic form

Explanation: Reinforcing the Great Tradition

Digital humanities typically focus on innovative approaches and interdisciplinary methods rather than reinforcing traditional frameworks.

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Q.118 Identify the correct chronological order.

I. Macaulay’s Minute

II. Wood’s Despatch

III. Grant of Charter to East India Company by Elizabeth I

IV. Appointment of the Hunter Commission

V. Black Hole of Calcutta



Options:

1. 1, 3, 4, 5, 2

2. 3,1, 5, 4, 2

3. 3, 5, 1, 2,4

4. 5, 3, 2, 1, 4

Explanation: The correct chronological order is:

III. Grant of Charter to East India Company by Elizabeth I (1600)

V. Black Hole of Calcutta (1756)

I. Macaulay’s Minute (1835)

II. Wood’s Despatch (1854)

IV. Appointment of the Hunter Commission (1882)

So, the order is: III, V, I, II, IV.

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Q.119 Michel Foucault and Roland Barthes deny:

1. Practices of economic and political power.

2. The decentering of the subject.

3. A uniquely individual and purposive author.

4. The relevance of legal, religious and philosophical allusions in writing

Explanation:

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Q.120 According to Cleanth Brooks, "the language appropriate and inevitable to poetry" is:

1. The language of hyperbole.

2. The language of myth.

3. The language of paradox.

4. The language of enigma.

Explanation: A uniquely individual and purposive author.

Both thinkers emphasize the decentering of the author and challenge the idea of a single, intentional source of meaning in texts.

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Q.121 Which of the following begins as a pidgin and eventually becomes the first language of a speech community?

1. Dialect

2. Acronym

3. Creole

4. Eponym

Explanation: The term you’re looking for is creole. A creole begins as a pidgin—a simplified language that develops for communication between speakers of different native languages—and eventually becomes a fully developed first language for a community.

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Q.122 Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is. Labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: In his work Distinction Pierre Bourdieu suggests that taste is culinarily inherited and not innate.

Reason R: Bourdieu believes that society is divided into several sections called “fields”, each with its own rules, norms and forms of capital.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

2. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

3. A is correct but R is not correct.

4. A is not correct but R is correct.

Explanation: Bourdieu argues that taste is influenced by social factors, which aligns with Assertion A, and his concept of "fields" provides a framework for understanding how these social divisions affect taste, thus serving as a correct explanation for Assertion A.

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Q.124 The tone of Philip Larkin’s “Church Going” is best described as:

1. Conversational and ironic.

2. Religious and reverential.

3. Touristy and humorous.

4. Aloof and condescending.

Explanation: Conversational and ironic.

The poem presents a reflective, informal exploration of religion and the church, often infused with irony.

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Q.125 Situational Language Teaching (SLT) was developed by:

I. Harold Palmer

II. David Abercrombie

III. A. S. Homby

IV. Charles Alderson



Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 1 and 2 only

2. 1 and 3 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 3 and 4 only

Explanation: 1 and 3 only

Situational Language Teaching (SLT) was developed primarily by Harold Palmer and A. S. Hornby.

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Q.126 ‘Idiolect’ refers to:

1. A community’s way of speaking.

2. An individual’s way of speaking.

3. A pictographic writing system.

4. Different words spelled the same.

Explanation: Idiolect refers to the unique language use and speech patterns of an individual. It encompasses an individual's specific vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, reflecting their personal linguistic characteristics and experiences.

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Q.127 Which of the following sonnets concludes with the line: “I shall but love thee better after death.”?

1. William Shakespeare, “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer Day?”

2. E.E. Cummings, [I carry your heart with me I carry it in]

3. Elizabeth Barrett Browning. “How Do I Love Thee?”

4. Pablo Neruda, “One Hundred Love Sonnets: XVII”

Explanation: In Elizabeth Barrett Browning's sonnet "How Do I Love Thee?" from her collection Sonnets from the Portuguese, she explores the depth and breadth of her love. The poem is structured as a series of declarations that express her love in various forms and culminates in the famous concluding line, “I shall but love thee better after death.” This line emphasizes the enduring nature of her love, suggesting that it transcends even death. The sonnet beautifully conveys passionate emotion and profound devotion. If you have any specific questions or topics you'd like to discuss about the poem, feel free to ask!

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Q.128 Who defined culture as “the best that has been said and thought in the world”?

1. Raymond Williams

2. Samuel Johnson

3. Matthew Arnold

4. Lytton Strachey

Explanation: The phrase “the best that has been said and thought in the world” is attributed to Matthew Arnold. He used this definition in his discussions on culture, emphasizing its role in elevating human thought and experience.

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Q.129 Which of the following books offers a fascinating glimpse of ‘English’ in colonial India?

1. Professing Literature

2. Changing Places

3. Faculty Towers

4. Masks of Conquest

Explanation: Masks of Conquest by Gauri Viswanathan.

This work examines the role of English literature and language in colonial education and its broader cultural implications in India.

The book that offers a fascinating glimpse of ‘English’ in colonial India is "English in India: A Sociolinguistic Profile" by Rakesh Bhatt. This work examines the role and evolution of the English language in the Indian context during the colonial period, highlighting its social and cultural implications. If you're referring to a specific title, please let me know, and I can provide more details!

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Q.130 Which of the following novels has multiple endings?

1. Flaubert’s Parrot

2. The Golden Notebook

3. Remains of the Day

4. The French Lieutenant’s Woman

Explanation: The French Lieutenant’s Woman by John Fowles.

This novel is known for its unconventional narrative style and offers several possible endings, allowing readers to contemplate different outcomes for the characters.

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Q.131 Which of the following is a frame narrative?

1. Emma

2. Heart of Darkness

3. Tom Jones

4. Mrs Dalloway

Explanation: In Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, the story is told through a narrator recounting the tale of Marlow, who tells his own experiences, creating a layered narrative structure.

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Q.132 E.M. Forster’s Aspects of the Novel was originally delivered as:

1. The Charles Eliot Norton Lectures.

2. The Tanner Lectures.

3. The Clark Lectures.

4. The Ford Lectures.

Explanation: The Ford Lectures were given at Oxford University in 1927.

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Q.133 The soul of tragedy, according to Aristotle, is:

1. Action.

2. Character.

3. Plot.

4. Spectacle.

Explanation: In Poetics, Aristotle emphasizes that the plot is the most important element of a tragedy, as it determines the structure and emotional impact of the narrative.

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Q.134 Who are the “boys” in Athol Fugard’s Master Harold and the Boys?

1. Didi and Gogo

2. McCann and Goldberg

3. Sam and Willie

4. Chris and Bob

Explanation: In Athol Fugard’s Master Harold...and the Boys, the “boys” refer to Sam and Willie. They are two black characters who work in a tea room and have a significant relationship with the white boy, Hally.

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Q.135 Spivak’s “Can the Subaltern Speak?” theorises:

1. Centrality

2. Normalcy

3. Marginality

4. Competency

Explanation: Marginality

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Q.136 In critical theory ‘hegemony’ refers to:

I. One set of beliefs and practices associated with a specific culture.

II. An anthropology of the excessive.

III. A paradoxical synthesis of consent and coercion.

IV. Ruptures or breaks in time.



Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 2 and 3 only

2. 1 and 3 only

3. 2 and 4 only

4. 3 and 4 only

Explanation: Explanation: In critical theory, ‘hegemony’ refers to: 1 and 3 only

Hegemony involves one set of beliefs and practices dominating within a culture (I) and a paradoxical synthesis of consent and coercion (III), particularly in how power operates within societies.

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Q.137 A literature review in research is best described as an:

1. Overview.

2. Interpretation.

3. Explication.

4. Abstract.

Explanation: Overview.

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Q.138 Which fictional persona is adopted by Robert Burton in The Anatomy of Melancholy?

1. Parson Yorick

2. Elizabeth Costello

3. Democritus Junior

4. Cornelius Junior

Explanation: The fictional persona adopted by Robert Burton in The Anatomy of Melancholy is: Democritus Junior.

Burton uses this persona to explore themes of melancholy and the human condition in his work.

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Q.139 The main difference between Chaucer’s language and our own is the pronunciation of the:

1. Short vowels

2. consonants

3. Aitches

4. long vowels

Explanation: The main difference between Chaucer’s language and our own is the pronunciation of the: long vowels.

In Middle English, the pronunciation of long vowels was significantly different from modern English, affecting how many words sounded in Chaucer's time.

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Q.140 Who is the author of Seven Types of Ambiguity?

1. Cleanth Brooks

2. Allen Tate

3. R.P. Blackmur

4. William Empson

Explanation: The author of Seven Types of Ambiguity is: William Empson.

This work, published in 1930, is a significant text in literary criticism, exploring various forms of ambiguity in poetry.

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Q.141-145 Comprehension:

Read the following passage and answer the questions 141 to 145:



We live in societies in which certain individuals have not been treated with equal dignity because they were, for example, women, homosexuals. Blacks. Catholics. Because… our identities are dialogically shaped, people who have these characteristics find them central- often, negatively central to their identities. Nowadays there is a widespread agreement that the insults to their dignity and the limitations of their autonomy imposed in the name of these collective identities are seriously wrong. One form of healing of the self that those who have these identities participate in is learning to see these collective identities not as sources of limitation and insult but as a valuable part of what they centrally are. Because the ethics of authenticity requires us to express what we centrally are in our lives, they move next to the demand that they be recognized in social life as women, homosexuals, Blacks, Catholics. Because there was no good reason to treat people of these sorts badly, and because the culture continues to provide degrading images of them nevertheless, they demand that we do cultural work to resist the stereotypes, to challenge the insults, to lift the restrictions.



Question 141 The writer holds that certain identities are:

1. Shaped reasonably well.

2. Covertly negative.

3. Tied to demeaning representations.

4. Part of a larger social problem.

Explanation: Tied to demeaning representations.

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Q.142 Which of the following words best describes the “ethics of authenticity”?

1. Images

2. Recognition

3. Value

4. Compliance

Explanation: Recognition

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Q.143 Which word best describes the way the writer views the societies we live in?

1. Coherent

2. Progressive

3. Limiting

4. Non-systematic

Explanation: Limiting

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Q 144 The writer is in favour of:

1. Removing differences.

2. Understanding differences.

3. Fortifying differences.

4. Suspending differences.

Explanation: Understanding differences.

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Q.145 According to the writer, social manifestation of negative collective identities is best tackled by:

1. Cultural resistance.

2. Ensuring equal opportunities.

3. Freedom of social exchange.

4. The rule of law.

Explanation: Cultural resistance.

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Q.146-150 Comprehension:

Read the following poem and answer the questions 146 to 150:



One Flesh



Lying apart now, each in a separate bed,

He with a book, keeping the light on late,

She like a girl dreaming of childhood,

All men elsewhere it is as if they wait

Some new event: the book he holds unread.

Her eyes fixed on the shadows overhead.



Tossed up like flotsam from a former passion.

How cool they lie. They hardly ever touch.

Or if they do it is like a confession

Of having little feeling or too much.

Chastity faces them, a destination

For which their whole lives were a preparation.



Strangely apart, yet strangely close together.

Silence between them like a thread to hold

And not wind in. And time itself’s a feather

Touching them gently. Do they know they’re old,

These two who are my father and my mother

Whose fire from which I came, has now grown cold?



Question 146 The speaker of the poem is the child of:

1. An estranged couple.

2. An ageing couple.

3. A caring couple.

4. A protective couple.

Explanation: An ageing couple.

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Q.147 The couple on the beds are emotionally:

1. Inscrutable.

2. Resilient.

3. Distant.

4. Sated.

Explanation: Distant.

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Q.148 “Strangely apart, yet strangely close together” is an example of:

1. Paradox.

2. Dramatic irony.

3. Paronomasia.

4. Pleonasm.

Explanation: Paradox.

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Q.149 The husband is described:

1. Holding a book.

2. Reading a book.

3. Keeping a book.

4. Flipping a book.

Explanation: Holding a book.

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Q.150 The meaning of the word “flotsam’ is:

1. Fervor

2. debris

3. Wave

4. Fury

Explanation: debris

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