MCQs - Approaches, Methods, and Techniques of ELT

1. Who introduced the three levels of conceptualization: Approach, Method, and Technique?

A. Noam Chomsky

B.  Edward Anthony

C.  W.F. Mackey

D.  Bertrand Russell

Answer: B.  Edward Anthony

 

2. According to Edward Anthony, what is the nature of an “approach”?

A. Procedural and practical

B.  Philosophical and axiomatic

C.  Rigid and instructional

D.  Narrow and result-oriented

Answer: B.  Philosophical and axiomatic

 

3. Which of the following is true about an Approach?

A. It is procedural in nature.

B.  It is axiomatic and deals with self-evident truths.

C.  It focuses only on classroom techniques.

D.  It is the same as a method.

Answer: B.  It is axiomatic and deals with self-evident truths.

 

4. A Method is best described as:

A. A trick used in the classroom

B.  A set of assumptions about language learning

C.  An overall plan based on an approach

D.  A psychological theory of learning

Answer: C.  An overall plan based on an approach

 

5. According to W.F. Mackey, method determines:

A. Only what is taught (selection)

B.  Only how much is taught (graduation)

C.  Selection, graduation, presentation, and repetition

D.  Only classroom activities

Answer: C.  Selection, graduation, presentation, and repetition

 

6. Which of the following is a characteristic of a Technique?

A. It is philosophical in nature.

B.  It is a trick or plan used to achieve an immediate objective.

C.  It is the same as an approach.

D.  It is a rigid teaching plan.

Answer: B.  It is a trick or plan used to achieve an immediate objective.

 

7. Which of the following is an example of a Technique?

A. Communicative Language Teaching

B.  Grammar-Translation Method

C.  Role-play and dramatization

D.  Behaviorist Approach

Answer: C.  Role-play and dramatization

 

8. What is the relationship between Approach, Method, and Technique?

A. They are independent of each other.

B.  Approach influences Method, and Method influences Technique.

C.  Technique determines Approach.

D.  Method and Technique are the same.

Answer: B.  Approach influences Method, and Method influences Technique.

 

9. According to Yardy, how does Method differ from Approach?

A. Method is flexible, while Approach is rigid.

B.  Method is rigid, while Approach is flexible.

C.  Both are the same.

D.  Method is theoretical, while Approach is practical.

Answer: B.  Method is rigid, while Approach is flexible.

 

10. Which of the following best describes the importance of methods in teaching?

A. They only focus on classroom activities.

B.  They help in deciding "what to teach" and "how to teach."

C.  They are unrelated to techniques.

D.  They are only theoretical concepts.

Answer: B.  They help in deciding "what to teach" and "how to teach."

 

11. Which of the following best defines a “technique” in the teaching framework?

A. A set of principles about language learning

B.  A trick or plan used to meet an immediate classroom objective

C.  An overall philosophical outlook

D.  A blueprint for language syllabus

Answer: B.  A trick or plan used to meet an immediate classroom objective

 

12. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an “approach”?

A. It is based on linguistic and psychological assumptions

B.  It is a classroom activity

C.  It is theoretical in nature

D.  It forms the basis of methods

Answer: B.  It is a classroom activity

 

13. What is another name for the Grammar-Translation Method?

A. Direct Method

B.  Communicative Approach

C.  Classical Method

D.  Audio-Lingual Method

Answer: C.  Classical Method

 

14. The Grammar-Translation Method was originally used to teach:

A. French and Spanish

B.  Greek and Latin

C.  English and German

D.  Chinese and Japanese

Answer: B.  Greek and Latin

 

15. Which of the following is a key feature of the Grammar-Translation Method?

A. Emphasis on speaking and listening

B.  Word-to-word translation from L1 to L2

C.  Teaching through immersion in the target language

D.  Focus on communicative competence

Answer: B.  Word-to-word translation from L1 to L2

 

16. According to the Grammar-Translation Method, which language skills are prioritized?

A. Listening and speaking

B.  Reading and writing

C.  Speaking and pronunciation

D.  Listening and translation

Answer: B.  Reading and writing

 

17. How is grammar taught in the Grammar-Translation Method?

A. Inductively, through examples

B.  Deductively, with explicit rules

C.  Through conversational practice

D.  Using audio-visual aids

Answer: B.  Deductively, with explicit rules

 

18. What is the main criticism of the Grammar-Translation Method?

A. It focuses too much on speaking skills

B.  It ignores listening and speaking, focusing only on translation

C.  It does not use the native language at all

D.  It is too student-centered

Answer: B.  It ignores listening and speaking, focusing only on translation

 

19. Which of the following is a common classroom activity in the Grammar-Translation Method?

A. Role-playing conversations

B.  Memorizing vocabulary lists

C.  Watching movies in the target language

D.  Listening to native speakers

Answer: B.  Memorizing vocabulary lists

 

20. What is the role of the teacher in the Grammar-Translation Method?

A. Facilitator of group discussions

B.  Authority figure who transmits knowledge

C.  A passive observer

D.  A native speaker model

Answer: B.  Authority figure who transmits knowledge

 

21. Which of the following is a demerit of the Grammar-Translation Method?

A. It helps in quick comprehension testing

B.  It encourages thinking in the target language

C.  It often leads to meaningless word-to-word translations

D.  It develops fluency in speaking

Answer: C.  It often leads to meaningless word-to-word translations

 

22. According to Richards and Rodgers (2001), the Grammar-Translation Method is criticized because:

A. It has no theoretical foundation in linguistics or psychology

B.  It focuses too much on speaking skills

C.  It is too student-centered

D.  It discourages memorization

Answer: A. It has no theoretical foundation in linguistics or psychology

 

23.In the Grammar-Translation Method, vocabulary is taught

A. Through contextual dialogues and role-plays

B. By associating words with images and actions

C. Through bilingual word lists and rote memorization

D. By encouraging students to guess meanings from context

Answer: C

 

24. What is the primary focus of the Grammar-Translation Method?

A. Developing oral communication skills

B. Teaching grammar rules and vocabulary through translation

C. Encouraging immersive language use

D. Promoting cultural understanding through role-plays 

Answer: B

 

25. One of the following is NOT a typical feature of the Grammar-Translation Method

A. Focus on reading and writing skills

B. Emphasis on accuracy over fluency

C. Use of authentic, real-world communication tasks

D. Translation of literary texts 

Answer: C

 

26.The very common criticism about Grammar-Translation Method is

A. It overemphasizes speaking and listening skills.

B. It neglects the development of communicative competence.

C. It relies too heavily on modern technology.

D. It avoids teaching grammar rules. 

Answer: B

 

27.Grammar-Translation Method first became prominent in language teaching was in

A. 17th century

B. 18th century

C. 19th century

D. 20th century 

Answer: C

 

28.What is another name for the Direct Method?

A. Grammar-Translation Method

B.  Natural Method

C.  Bilingual Method

D.  Structural Method

Answer: B.  Natural Method

 

29. The Direct Method was developed as a reaction against which method?

A. Communicative Approach

B.  Grammar-Translation Method

C.  Audio-Lingual Method

D.  Bilingual Method

Answer: B.  Grammar-Translation Method

 

30. In the Direct Method, the unit of teaching is:

A. Word

B.  Sentence

C.  Phoneme

D.  Paragraph

Answer: B.  Sentence

 

31. How is grammar taught in the Direct Method?

A. Through explicit rule memorization

B.  Inductively, through examples and usage

C.  By translating sentences from L1 to L2

D.  Using grammatical terminology extensively

Answer: B.  Inductively, through examples and usage

 

32. Which language skills are emphasized in the Direct Method?

A. Reading and writing

B.  Listening and speaking

C.  Translation and grammar

D.  Memorization and dictation

Answer: B.  Listening and speaking

 

33. In the Direct Method, new words are typically introduced by

A.  bilingual word lists

B.  memorizing dictionary definitions 

C. written exercises and translation

D. using visual aids, gestures, or real objects

Answer: D

 

34. What is a major criticism of the Direct Method?

A. It relies too much on translation

B.  It is difficult to teach abstract words without using L1

C.  It overemphasizes written grammar rules

D.  It discourages speaking practice

Answer: B.  It is difficult to teach abstract words without using L1

 

35. Which of the following techniques is commonly used in the Direct Method?

A. Word-to-word translation

B.  Memorizing grammar rules

C.  Reading aloud and conversation practice

D.  Writing essays in L1

Answer: C.  Reading aloud and conversation practice

 

36. What is the role of the teacher in the Direct Method?

A. A translator between L1 and L2

B.  A facilitator who avoids speaking in class

C.  A model for correct pronunciation and usage

D.  A passive observer of student interactions

Answer: C.  A model for correct pronunciation and usage

 

37. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Direct Method?

A. Use of real objects and visual aids

B.  Immediate correction of errors

C.  Teaching grammar deductively

D.  Avoiding translation

Answer: C.  Teaching grammar deductively

 

38. The Direct Method is most effective in:

A. Large, crowded classrooms

B.  Small classes with trained teachers

C.  Teaching advanced literary texts

D.  Preparing students for translation exams

Answer: B.  Small classes with trained teachers

 

39. What is the main goal of the Direct Method?

A. To develop translation skills

B.  To enable communication in the target language

C.  To memorize vocabulary lists

D.  To analyze grammatical structures

Answer: B.  To enable communication in the target language

 

40. Which of the following best describes error correction in the Direct Method?

A. Immediate and explicit

B.  Indirect and delayed

C.  Ignored completely

D.  Done through peer feedback

Answer: B.  Indirect and delayed

 

41. The Direct Method is considered "natural" because:

A. It mimics first language acquisition

B.  It uses complex grammar rules

C.  It relies on translation

D.  It focuses on written exams

Answer: A. It mimics first language acquisition

 

42. The role of the native language in the Direct Method is

A. It is used extensively for explanations and translations

B. It is used occasionally to clarify complex concepts

C. It is avoided as much as possible to promote immersion

D. It is the primary medium of instruction 

Answer: C

 

43. The type of activities would you expect in Direct Method classroom

A. Silent reading and grammar worksheets

B. Role-plays, conversations, and pronunciation practice

C. Translation of texts and vocabulary quizzes

D. Writing essays in the native language 

Answer: B

 

44.The following is a limitation of the Direct Method

A. It is too focused on grammar rules

B. It requires highly skilled teachers fluent in the target language

C. It prioritizes translation over communication

D. It is only suitable for advanced learners

Answer: B

 

45.What is another name for the Audio-Lingual Method?

A. Grammar-Translation Method

B.  Army Method

C.  Communicative Approach

D.  Silent Way

Answer: B.  Army Method

 

46. The Audio-Lingual Method is based on which psychological theory?

A. Cognitive Theory

B.  Behaviorism (Skinner)

C.  Constructivism

D.  Humanism

Answer: B.  Behaviorism (Skinner)

 

47. Which of the following is a key feature of the Audio-Lingual Method?

A. Focus on translation exercises

B.  Memorization of grammar rules

C.  Pattern drills and repetition

D.  Free conversation practice

Answer: C.  Pattern drills and repetition

 

48. What is the primary focus of the Audio-Lingual Method?

A. Reading and writing

B.  Listening and speaking

C.  Translation skills

D.  Literary analysis

Answer: B.  Listening and speaking

 

49. How is grammar taught in the Audio-Lingual Method?

A. Explicitly through rules

B.  Inductively through drills

C.  Through translation

D.  Using the mother tongue

Answer: B.  Inductively through drills

 

50. Which linguist was a key proponent of the Audio-Lingual Method?

A. Noam Chomsky

B.  Leonard Bloomfield

C.  Stephen Krashen

D.  Ferdinand de Saussure

Answer: B.  Leonard Bloomfield

 

51. What was the main purpose of the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP)?

A. To teach classical languages

B.  To train soldiers in foreign languages during WWII

C.  To develop literary skills

D.  To promote bilingual education

Answer: B.  To train soldiers in foreign languages during WWII

 

52. Which of the following techniques is commonly used in the Audio-Lingual Method?

A. Reading literature aloud

B.  Substitution/ repetition drills

C.  Writing essays

D.  Translating texts

Answer: B.  Substitution drills

 

53. What is a major criticism of the Audio-Lingual Method?

A. It overemphasizes communicative competence

B.  It neglects listening and speaking skills

C.  It is too mechanical and ignores meaning

D.  It relies heavily on translation

Answer: C.  It is too mechanical and ignores meaning

 

54. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Audio-Lingual Method?

A. Use of language labs

B.  Emphasis on habit formation

C.  Focus on communicative fluency

D.  Repetition drills

Answer: C.  Focus on communicative fluency

 

55.The Structural Approach is primarily based on:

A. Cognitive psychology

B.  Behavioral psychology and structural linguistics

C.  Humanistic psychology

D.  Transformational grammar

Answer: B.  Behavioral psychology and structural linguistics

 

56.Who were the main proponents of the Structural Approach?

A. Noam Chomsky and Stephen Krashen

B.  C.C. Fries and Robert Lado

C.  B.F. Skinner and John Dewey

D.  Ferdinand de Saussure and Leonard Bloomfield

Answer: B.  C.C. Fries and Robert Lado

 

57.The Structural Approach emphasizes:

A. Translation between languages

B.  Mastery of sentence patterns and structures

C. Literary analysis of texts

D. Free conversation practice

Answer: B.  Mastery of sentence patterns and structures

 

58.The Structural Approach was particularly implemented in:

A. The Madras English Language Teaching campaign

B.  The Army Specialized Training Program

C.  The Direct Method schools

D.  The Grammar-Translation classrooms

Answer: A. The Madras English Language Teaching campaign

 

59.In selecting structures, which factor is NOT considered important?

A. Frequency of use

B.  Productivity

C.  Literary value

D.  Teachability

Answer: C.  Literary value

 

60.The Structural Approach views language learning as primarily:

A. A creative process

B.  Habit formation

C.  Cognitive development

D.  Cultural assimilation

Answer: B.  Habit formation

 

61.Which teaching technique is commonly used in this approach?

A. Translation exercises

B.  Pattern practice drills

C.  Free composition

D.  Literary analysis

Answer: B.  Pattern practice drills

 

62.The Structural Approach was recommended for Indian schools by:

A. The Kothari Commission

B.  The S.V. Gokak Committee

C.  The National Curriculum Framework

D.  The Yashpal Committee

Answer: B.  The S.V. Gokak Committee

 

63.In the Structural Approach, grammar is taught:

A. Through explicit rules

B.  Through translation

C.  Inductively through structures

D.  Not taught at all

Answer: C.  Inductively through structures

 

64.The Structural Approach gives least importance to:

A. Sentence patterns

B.  Pronunciation

C.  Word meanings

D.  Repetition drills

Answer: C.  Word meanings

 

65.Which linguistic theory influenced the Structural Approach?

A. Transformational-Generative Grammar

B.  Universal Grammar

C.  Structural Linguistics

D.  Cognitive Linguistics

Answer: C.  Structural Linguistics

 

66.The Structural Approach was developed as an improvement upon:

A. Grammar-Translation Method

B.  Direct Method

C.  Audio-Lingual Method

D.  Communicative Approach

Answer: B.  Direct Method

 

67.Who is considered as a key figure in the development of structural linguistics?

A. Noam Chomsky

B. Ferdinand de Saussure

C. William Labov

D. Roman Jakobson 

Answer: B

 

68.What is the phoneme in the structural approach?

A. A unit of meaning in a language

B. The smallest unit of sound that distinguishes meaning

C. A written symbol representing a word

D. A syntactic rule governing sentence structure 

Answer: B

 

69. Who coined the term "Communicative Competence"?

A. Noam Chomsky

B.  N.S. Prabhu

C.  Dell Hymes

D.  Keith Johnson

Answer: C.  Dell Hymes

 

70. Which linguist’s theory of competence and performance laid the groundwork for CLT?

A. Dell Hymes

B.  N.S. Prabhu

C.  Noam Chomsky

D.  W.F. Mackey

Answer: C.  Noam Chomsky

 

71. Which project was led by N.S. Prabhu in the late 1970s to early 1980s?

A. COST Project

B.  British Council Project

C.  Bangalore Project

D.  West Bengal Textbook Project

Answer: C.  Bangalore Project

 

72. Which of the following is NOT one of Dell Hymes’ components of communicative competence?

A. Grammatical

B.  Strategic

C.  Cultural

D.  Sociolinguistic

Answer: C.  Cultural

 

73. What is a major feature of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?

A. Focus solely on grammar rules

B.  Teacher-centered instruction

C.  Memorization of dialogues

D.  Learner-centered and task-based activities

Answer: D.  Learner-centered and task-based activities

 

74. Which of the following is considered a CLT classroom technique?

A. Translation drills

B.  Lecture-based grammar rules

C.  Role-plays and interviews

D.  Structural pattern practice

Answer: C.  Role-plays and interviews

 

75. According to CLT, what is the role of the teacher?

A. Sole authority and instructor

B.  Source of grammar rules

C.  Facilitator of learning

D.  Model for pronunciation only

Answer: C.  Facilitator of learning

 

76.The primary focus of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is

A. Memorizing grammar rules and vocabulary

B. Developing communicative competence in real-life contexts

C. Focusing solely on reading and writing skills

D. Emphasizing translation of texts 

Answer: B

 

77. Which of the following is a key principle of CLT?

A. Teacher-centered instruction with minimal student interaction

B. Emphasis on accuracy over fluency

C. Use of authentic materials and real-life tasks

D. Exclusive focus on written language skills 

Answer: C

 

78. How does CLT view the role of errors in language learning?

A. Errors must be avoided at all costs

B. Errors are a natural part of the learning process and can be useful

C. Errors should be corrected immediately and publicly

D. Errors indicate a lack of student effort

Answer:   B

 

79. The following is NOT a characteristic of CLT

A. Emphasis on pair and group work

B. Use of authentic language input

C. Focus on rote memorization of dialogues

D. Promotion of learner autonomy 

Answer: C

 

80. In CLT, what is the role of the learner's native language (L1) in the classroom?

A. It is completely banned to ensure immersion in the target language.

B. It is used freely for all instruction and communication.

C. It is used occasionally to aid comprehension but emphasis remains on the target language.

D. It is the main language for explaining grammar and vocabulary.

Answer: C