KAKATIYA UNIVERSITY
UG SEM-4 ENGLISH
Sub: English (Sem-IV) Marks: 60(ext)+15(int)
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Question paper pattern & Model Paper Sem- IV
( Internal=15, Written =60, Total=75)
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Answer all questions in SERIAL ORDER only
Section -A (20marks)
I. answer any FOUR questions1. Change the following sentences into INDIRECT SPEECH
i. He said, "I can swim."
ii. Rani said, "She lives in Maripeda."
iii. He says, "It is raining."
iv. Urmila said to me, "Please lend me your book."
v. She said, "What a beautiful flower!"
(Answers:
i. He said that he could swim.
ii. Rani said that she lived in Maripeda.
iii. He says that it is raining. (No change in tense)
iv. Urmila requested me to lend her my book.
v. She exclaimed that it was a beautiful flower.)
CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL: Reported Speech
2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words given in the bracket (WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED)
i. He is our new ................. (principal/ principle).
ii. New Delhi is the ............. of India. (capitol/capital)
iii. Police ............... information from thief. (elicit/illicit).
iv. He is walking ............ the Chairman. (beside/besides)
v. Everybody attended the party ........... Rajesh. (except/ accept).
(Answers: i. principal, ii. capital, iii. elicit, iv.beside, v.except)
CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL: Commonly Confused Words
3. Write the SYNONYMS for the following
i. Climate: ___________
ii. Tame: ____________
iii. Tribe: __________
iv. Ungrateful: _______
v. Grim: __________
(Answers:
i. atmosphere, weather
ii. domestic, pet, docile
iii. race, clan, ethnic group
iv..unthankful,, ungracious, unmindful
v. serious, sad, joyless, sombre, gloomy
CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL: Synonyms
4.Rewrite the following sentences by correcting the underlined part. (CORRECTION OF SENTENCES)
i. These luggages are very heavy.
ii. My sister-in-laws are doctors.
iii. Ravi has written a letter yesterday.
iv. She is my cousin sister.
v. Rajesh is a MLA.
(Answer:
i. This luggage is very heavy.
ii. My sisters-in-law are doctors.
iii. Ravi wrote a letter yesterday.
iv. She is my cousin.
v. Rajesh is an MLA.
CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL: Correction of sentences
5. Reading Comprehension. (SEEN PASSAGE FROM UNIT- I,II,III)
In 1979, during the monsoon, sixteen-year-old Jadav saw a pile of snakes washed up on a sandbar after the floods in the Brahmaputra river. They were scorched to death in the heat that came after the rains. The sight filled him with horror and drove him to wonder what would happen to humans, whether they, too, would die the same way without shade and tree cover in the heat. He asked the nearby villagers for help because he could see that the land around them was being eroded and damaged at a great rate. Their advice was to plant trees, as many as possible, especially trees like bamboo which would be able to survive difficult weather. Jadav took their advice to heart and never looked back. Driven by his mission, he stopped going to school focussing only on the task at hand -to plant more trees, every day.
Q2. Which incident changed the Jadav Payeng?
Q3. Which question came to his mind after waching a pile of dead snakes?
Q4. What is the meaning of the phrase "took their advice to heart"?
Q5. Why did he stopped his schooling?
(Answer:
i. scorched,
ii. the death of pile of snakes due to floods and heat.
iii. What would happens to humans, whether they die in the same way?
iv. to think about it seriously
v. to plant more trees every day)
6. Reading Comprehension. (UNSEEN PASSAGE)
The Indian farmer today is provided with seeds which are not only 'high-yielding, but also, thanks to the work of scientists in our agricultural universities and research institutions, resistant to drought and disease. He is encouraged to use fertilizers to ensure an adequate supply of nourishment to his crops. In areas where rains are scanty, irrigation canals are dug to bring water to the fields. Tractors, harvesters and other machines have taken the place of the implements used by farmers since the dawn of civilisation. In these and many other ways, there has been an impressive progress in our agriculture, which is often referred to as 'The Green Revolution.
Q2. What are the tools used by the farmers nowadays?
Q3. Where are irrigation canals dug?
Q4. What does the expression 'Green Revolution' refer to?.
Q5. Which word in the passage means 'enough'.
Section -B (40marks)
answer ALL questions
II. Attempt A or B (5marks)
A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate form of verb (IF Conditional)
i. I will post letter, If I ______ (go) to post office.
ii. If I had seen the movie, I ..............(tell) you the story.
iii. If I were rich, I ............. (buy) car.
iv. I ......... (give) you a ring if I feel lonely.
v. If you heat iron, it .............. (expand).
(Answer: i. go, ii. would have told, iii. could buy, iv. will give, v. expands)
CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL: Conditionals
OR
B. Combine the root words with correct SUFFIXES given in the bracket.
i. beauty
ii. explore
iii. brother
iv. big
v. walk
( -est, -ly, -ed, -tion, -ful, )
(Answer: i.beautiful, ii.exploaration, iii.brotherly, iv. biggest, v. walked)
CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL: Suffixes
II. Attempt A or B (5marks)
A. Rewrite the following sentences after correcting the errors (CORRECTION OF SENTENCES)
i. He is learning music since last year.
ii. Neither SBI nor Canara are private banks.
iii. She is going to temple everyday.
iv. I am interested with studies.
v. Children are fond for chocolates.
(Answers:
i. He has been learning music since last year.
ii. Neither SBI nor Canara is private bank.
iii. She goes to temple everyday.
iv. I am interested in studies.
v. Children are fond of chocolates.)
Note: Here the errors are not highlighted, so students must identify the error and rewrite the complete sentence by correcting the underlined part.
CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL: Correction of sentences
OR
B. Combine the words from list A & B to form commonly used COLLOCATIONS
LIST-A LIST-B
i. Black mistake
ii. Building tea
iii. strong cup
iv. big material
v. tea board
(Answers:
i. Black board, ii. Building material, iii. Strong tea, iv. Big mistake, v. Tea cup)
CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL: Collocations
II. Attempt ANY TWO essays from Prose (2x7.5=15 marks)
Three questions will be given from UNIT- I,II,III
II. Attempt ANY TWO essays from Poetry (2x7.5=15 marks)
Three questions will be given from UNIT- I,II,III
Note:
There are NO annotations
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MATERIAL
Unit-1 Jadhav Payeng
About the author: It is a biographical essay written by an unknown writer
Who is Jadav Payeng?
Jadav Moloi Payeng was born in 1963 in a poor family of Mishing tribe in Assam. He is a common man, but his dedication and love for the environment made him to win Padma Shri award. His native land, the river island Aruna Chapori, in Majuli District was surrounded by river Brahmaputra.
Brahmaputra is called ‘Sorrow of Assam’, as the river causes severe damage to villages due to the floods year after year. These floods destroy houses, uproot people and make them homeless. It takes away their agricultural lands and erodes fertile lands and creates miles and miles of barren sandbars. The green vegetation of Majuli was washed away slowly and became a barren landscape without trees and grass.
Two incidents that changed Jadav Payeng:
When Jadav Payeng was 16, he witnesses a tragic scene that transformed him to the person he is today. One day while walking through the wasteland he saw huge number of snakes had washed up in the barren treeless sandbar. Due to scorching heat and with sun beating down on them they lay there intertwined in a lifeless mass, dead due to exposure. This incident left a deep impression on his mind. He asked the villagers “What would happen to humans?”, but they simply laughed at him. One man advised him to plant trees, especially bamboo.
The Brahmaputra River is the home for world’s largest river island Majuli. This island is shrinking fast because of floods and soil erosion. To stop this, in 1980, the forest department of Golaghat district started a tree plantation drive in 200 hectares at Majuli, Aruna Chapori sandbar. Jadav Payeng joined the project as a labourer. Three years later, in 1983, the project was abandoned, but Jadav Payeng continued as if it had never stopped.
Thirty years effort of one man:
These two incidents had a great impact on him. He took the mission of planting trees to his heart, stopped schooling and planted trees for 30 years! He was determined to change the sandbar into a green dense forest so he simply continued planting trees. He also used earthen pots with tiny hole to water the plants. His dedication and perseverance bore result as over the years there were several thousand trees growing on the sandbar.
After working relentlessly since 1979 till date, he has made his dream come true. He has single handed turned the barren sandbar into a lush dense forest with a flourishing wildlife. Now this forest is home for 5 royal Bengal tigers, 110 elephants, rhinos, rabbits, monkeys, deer and a variety of birds. The barren sandbar had turned into a paradise.
How his work came into limelight?
The authorities came to know about this forest in 2008 when a group of elephants after destroying the fields, houses in nearby villages entered this Majuli island. In search of these elephants, the officials of the forest department entered the island and were shocked after seeing the dense forest of 500 hectares.
They were further shocked that this dense forest is the result of one man’s efforts. No one knows about his work and he never asked anyone any help. Probably, it is a world record now. They named it as “Molai forest”.
When the villagers wanted to cut down the forest to hunt the elephants. He said, “Kill me first before killing the animals”. Now the villagers understood the importance of forest as livelihood. wanted to cut down the forest to hunt the elephants. He said, “Kill me first before killing the animals”. Now the villagers understand the importance of forest as livelihood.
Awards and honours:
In 2012, Payeng was honored as - ‘The Forest Man of India’ by Vice-Chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University. Jadav Payeng was later awarded the ‘Ecological Restoration Award’ by Balipara Foundation in 2013. In recognition of the great service to mankind he was decorated with Padma Shri in 2015. In recognition to his outstanding services to environmental conservation, he was conferred with the Karma yogi Award for 2020 in New Delhi.
Documentaries and movies
He became the subject of several documentaries, movies and books. In 2012 a film documentary ‘The Molai Forest’ produced by Jitu Kalita, was released. In 2013, Aarti Shrivastava directed a documentary ‘Foresting life’ based on his life. ‘Forest Man’ an award-winning film documentary by William Douglas McMaster was released in 2013. He has featured in a children’s book ‘Jadav and the Tree-Place’, written and illustrated by Vinayak Varma. And in another book “The boy who Grew a Forest”
In 2018 Department of Botany VPM’s B. N. Bandodkar College of Science conducted an international conference ‘Green Earth: A panoramic view’. Jadav Molai Payeng was the chief guest. He recounted his experience in the making of Molai forest. He is a simple man with a simple logic – ‘Love nature, nature will reciprocate’. The standing ovation he received was the proof that he is an inspiration for one and all.
Aranya (Telugu Movie), Hathi Mere Sathi (Hindi Movie), Kaadan (Tamil Movie) are based on his true story. He is a TED-x speaker. He received two honorary doctorates from Assam Agricultural university and Kaziranga University. USA introduced his story in curriculum.
What is Jadav’s message to mankind?
He never feels that he is in danger from animals, instead he says, “Man is the biggest danger to the forest”. He asks, “Who would protect these animals if we, as superior beings, start hunting them?” He advises us “Planting of trees should be part of the school curriculum” in a practical way. Promotion to the next level should be based on this. He boldly asks us, “Without oxygen, what is the use of inventing technology to reach Moon and Mars?”
He represents courage, dedication and passion, he is the living example of how it is possible for a single individual to bring about positive change in the environment.
Unit-1:
The Tame Bird was in a Cage-Rabindranath Tagore
About the poet:
Rabindranath Tagore was renowned Bengali poet, novelist, educationist and play wright. His writings convey sympathy for the poor and upholds universal human values. He wrote many Poems and plays. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced) and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are his best-known works. He is the first Non-European to win Noble Prize in the year 1913. He penned two national anthems: India's “Jana Gana Mana…” and Bangladesh's “Amar Shonar Bangla...”. Our National Anthem was taken from his collection of Poems Gitanjali.
About the poem:
The poem is about the love of two birds, one
in a cage and one free, with many differences. Each bird is right in its own
way. The caged bird is trying to get the free bird to join him in the cage,
while the free bird wants the caged bird to come to the forest and be free.
Love of these birds that can’t be together because the free bird is afraid to
be stuck in the cage and the wings of the tame bird are powerless and dead.
They ignored the fundamental rule of relationship: “one has to step outside of
their own condition and absorb the reality of another”.
It is a conversational poem. The free bird and cage bird in the poem symbolizes two lovers. The free bird is the young man and the cage bird is the young girl. The birds go back and forth with positive elements in trying to convince each other to come to their side. The free bird says, “O, my love, come let us fly to woods” but the cage bird answers, “Come here, let us both live in the cage happily.” The free bird says, "My darling, sing the songs of the woodlands" to which the caged bird answers, "Sit by my side, I'll teach you the speech of the learned." They also entreat negative elements in trying to convince each other that they are on the better side. Here, the free bird questions the caged bird and his "home": "Among bars, where is there room to spread one's wings?" The caged bird says in return: "I don’t know where to sit perched in the sky."
The poem illustrates that the free bird has the better situation. You could argue that the caged bird is just looking for company in trying to get the free bird to join him. The final line of the poem illustrates this very powerfully. He whispers to his friend "Alas, my wings are powerless and dead."
Tagore concludes that both birds are clinging to their own situation and taking any risk to come out of their comfort zone. When two people are in love/friendship, Tagore seems to be suggesting that some level of discomfort and sacrifice one's condition in the hope of another is the only way to find happiness with another. The poem teaches us that when we fall in love, we must get ready for any consequences we might deal with, and the sacrifices that we need to do.
Unit-2:Climate Change and Global warming- -Michael Shafer
Unit-2: A Requiem for Earth -ONV Kurup
(Translated by Jaya Kumar)
About the
author:
Ottaplakkal
Neelakandan Velu Kuruppu is popularly known as ONV. He was a poet and lyricist
and Malayali writer. He wrote 15 anthologies of Poetry and 1500 Movie songs. He
received many awards like, Kerala Sahitya Academy Award (1971), Kendra Sahitya
Academy Award(1975), Padma Shri(1998), Jnanpith
Award(2007), Padma Vibhushan(2011) etc.
About the poem:
Requiem
is a funeral song or elegy written on the death of a person. In the poem “A
requiem for earth” the poet discusses beauty of the nature and the various ways
in which people destroy earth for selfish motives in the name of development. The
speaker is the ONV Kurup himself and it is addressed to the mother earth.
The death of earth is very close. It is not yet dead, but the poet wishes that the soul of earth may rest in peace. It is not only to earth but also to his death that will happen(happened) before the death of earth. If the earth dies, no one will remain here to cry for her so, the poet is writing this in advance. So, the poet is inscribing this lament in his heart before the death of earth. He hopes that the soul of Earth will rest in peace.
According to the Malayali’s belief, she gave birth to twelve children who became the twelve clans. Her children are unable to live in unity. The earth saw them, killing one another. The Mother Earth was helpless. She shed tears by seeing her children fighting with each other. After eating each other, they started eating earth. But she did not stop them as she is helpless.
Mother Earth nourished her children by the resources in her (suckled them at her breast). But after they became stronger, they found out that the earth can be exploited and they started drinking blood from her sacred heart. Mother Earth gave us life, oxygen, food, shelter, water and everything, but we are not happy with what we have. We started destroying the resources of the earth, killing the animals, cutting the forest and polluting the earth.
The poet addresses earth as the favorite bride of sun. He says that the children of earth destroyed her bridal dress (nature/greenery) given by sun into pieces. They were like beasts who pierced at her body and drank the blood. As they dance on her, we can feel the rhythm of death everywhere. Here the poet is giving reference to Oedipus, the Greek who married his mother unknowingly. His story is outdated. Now the children of mother earth strip her naked, and sell her in market.
Because of cruelty done by humans, the stability of ecosystem is lost. The sun shines brightly and the temperatures are rising year after year (global warming). June clouds search for water. The month of December is not cold. There is no flower in April. The climate has changed and so the seasons. There is no water in the rivers of the forest. The rhythm of creation is lost. Poet compares life to a person, whose chariot wheels are stuck on their course (reference to warrior Karna).
The poet wonders at the beauty of nature. The earth is able to capture the beauty of sun in a dewdrop on leaves. His fantasies are grown in the shades of trees and the wind that trod upon sea. From the first drop of honey(birth) and to the last drop of Tulasi water (death), everything is taken from earth. If we have the gratitude that we were born form earth, we can retain these sweet memories forever.
The poet
describes different forms of earth the poet has seen. The earth makes cradles
and sings lullabies for thousands of tender fruits. She swings in several
orchards. She leaps on the tip of the leaves of banyan tree. She calls with
hands like five-pettaled leaves and coo like temple doves. The earth sets
rhythm for the soul of poet like waves in streams. She frightens him like an
owl and soothes him like a cuckoo. She arranges different colors to draw
various figures in our mind (beauty of nature) and make the evenings appear
golden. Her beauty disappears into the woods every evening and returns every
morning. She gives life to humans and feeds us with nectar. She crafts poems
from the eggs of birds in the heart of dense forest. She carries the poet
(humans) so gently like lotus leaf carries a drop of water. The poet knows all
these things.
Those that remains immortal in the poet is the sweet memories of earth. Earth is compared to a swan that holds music in her wings and the poet’s glory shines from the tips of her beautiful wings. But her death is near and the crow of death drank even the nectar of her truth.
The Mother Earth is walking along the solar highway (earth's orbit) with tonsured head and bundles of shame on her shoulder. She became an outcast because she gave birth to children who raped her. She has to face death.
The earth is not yet dead. But this is a requiem to the upcoming death. The poet will not be there to mourn the death of earth. So, the poet is inscribing this lament on his heart before the death of earth, the mother. He hopes that the soul of Mother Earth will rest in peace.
Conclusion:
This poem is written to teach the people that they are destroying their own future in the name of development. The poet hopes that the people will stop damaging the resources of the earth and will not cause for his own death as well as the earth.
About the poem:
The poem,
Felling of the Banyan Tree, talks about the poet Dilip Chitre’s compassion and
love for trees and nature. He is sad about trees being cut down from his house
and compares it with the murder of humans. This poem is an autobiographical
account of his childhood. Banyan tree is the metaphor for poet’s family
history. Poet, his father and his grandfather played under this banyan tree.
Masculine vs feminine; Conservation vs destruction; and Uprootedness are the
themes of this poem. It talks about the difference between the feminine
(grandmother’s love for nature) and masculine (father’s decision to cut down
the banyan tree) way of understanding the nature.
He is recalling his childhood in the poem. When he was a child, they lived in Baroda. The poet says that his father asked all the tenants to leave their house so that they could proceed with its demolition. All the houses except the poet’s house were destroyed. All trees except a huge banyan tree were cut down. Poet’s grandmother said trees are kind, sacred and cutting them is a crime.
All other trees were cut down in this process,
including several medicinal and sacred ones. However, the enormous banyan tree
that was so tall and had deep roots was a big problem to cut. The banyan tree
was considered as holy by his grandmother, but his father ordered to cut it
down.
The tree was thrice the size of the poet’s house,
and its truck had a circumference of about fifty feet. Its aerial roots were
thirty feet long and touched the ground. They started cutting the branches of
the banyan tree for seven days. The heap of the branches was huge. The insects
and birds left the tree as they lost their shelter.
Then fifty men had to constantly chop its trunk. The
tree’s ring revealed its age of about two hundred years. The people witnessed
this slaughter with fear and fascination. The poet expresses that soon after
that, they moved to Mumbai from Baroda, where they could not see many trees. This
is compared to the uprootedness of the banyan tree. Now they are able to see
the trees in their dreams only.
Conclusion:
Trees give us oxygen, flowers, food and shelter for all the animals and birds. Without trees, there is no life. We must stop deforestation.
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