KU UG English Sem 2: complete material- exam pattern, Q/A, annotations, grammar

 KAKATIYA UNIVERSITY

UG SEM-2 ENGLISH

Sub: English (Sem-II)     Date of Exam:                         Time: 3 hours

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Question paper pattern UG ENGLISH- SEM- II

Total marks: 100 (80 Final exam + 20 Internal)

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Answer all questions in SERIAL ORDER only

Section -A (4x5= 20marks)

I. answer any FOUR questions 

1. Add suitable PREFIX or SUFFIX to the following words.(5m)

i. beauty

ii. explore

iii. sure

iv. use

v. walk

    ( mis-, un-, -ed, -tion, -ful, )

(Answers: i. beautiful,     ii.exploration, iii. unsure, iv. misuse, v.walked)

        CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL:   Prefix and Suffix

2. Write the SYNONYMS for the following. (5m)

i. Proposal: ________________________

ii. Solitude: ________________________

iii. Manners ________________________

iv. Breed: ________________________

v. Happy: ________________________

(Answers: i. plan, scheme, project; ii. loneliness, privacy, peace, isolation; iii. way, process, method, approach; iv. birth, race, tribe, ; v. cheerful, joyful, merry, jolly)

  CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL: 

Synonyms - from sem-2 lessons

Synonyms for all competitive exams

3. find out the TYPES OF SENTENCES (5m)

i.  What a cute dog!

ii. Brush your teeth.

iii. I love honey.

iv. Where do you live in Warangal?

v.  Stop bothering me !

(Answers: 

i. Exclamatory, ii. Imperative, iii. declarative, iv. Interrogative, v. Imperative)

 CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL: Types of Sentences

 

4. Rewrite the following sentences by correcting the underlined part. (CORRECTION OF SENTENCES) (5m)

i. These luggages are very heavy.

ii. Neither SBI nor Canara are private banks.

iii. Ravi has written a letter yesterday.

iv. She is my cousin sister.

v.  Rajesh is a MLA.

(Answers: 

i. This luggage is very heavy.; 

ii. Neither SBI nor Canara is private banks.

iii. Ravi wrote a letter yesterday.

iv. She is my cousin.

v.  Rajesh is an MLA.

  CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL: 

Correction of sentences1 

Correction of sentences2 

5. Reading Comprehension. (SEEN PASSAGE FROM UNIT- I,II,III)- 5m

So the difference between good breeding and good manners lies in this that the former cannot be attained by the best understandings without study and labour, whereas a tolerable degree of reason will instruct us in every part of good manners without other assistance.

1. ".. the former" - Explain.

2. What instructs our good manners, indeed?

3. What do 'study and labour' make us attain?

4. Even the best understanding fails to achieve it on our part. What is this a reference to?

5. Name the speaker and title of the source of this extract.

6. Reading Comprehension. (UNSEEN PASSAGE)-5m

The Indian farmer today is provided with seeds which are not only 'high-yielding, but also, thanks to the work of scientists in our agricultural universities and research institutions, resistant to drought and disease. He is encouraged to use fertilizers to ensure an adequate supply of nourishment to his crops. In areas where rains are scanty, irrigation canals are dug to bring water to the fields. Tractors, harvesters and other machines have taken the place of the implements used by farmers since the dawn of civilization. In these and many other ways, there has been an impressive progress in our agriculture, which is often referred to as 'The Green Revolution.

Q1. Who has helped the Indian farmer to produce a better crop?

Q2. What are the tools used by the farmers nowadays?

Q3. Where are irrigation canals dug?

Q4. What does the expression 'Green Revolution' refer to?.

Q5. Which word in the passage means 'enough'.

Section -B (60marks)

Answer ALL questions

II.  Attempt A or B    (10 marks)

A. Fill in the blanks with suitable PREPOSITIONS.

1. He lived ..... the USA....... two years.

2. He is suffering..... fever.

3. Raju prefers coffee.... tea.

4. Vegetables were chopped ........ a knife......... mother.

5. He had to choose .............. a bicycle and a pair of shoes for his birthday present.

6. Raju eats poori ................. Chapati.

7. He fell.... a bicycle.

8. The train starts exactly........ 6 o'clock.

9. Rani is fond..... Ice cream.

10. He is good.... Maths.

(Answers: 

1. in, for  2.from 3. to 4.with, by 5.between  6.besides 7.off, 8.at, 9.of, 10.at)

CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL:

Prepositions Exercise 

Prpositions Material

 

            OR

B. What is informal and formal context? Explain with suitable examples.

Answer:  

We learn language through formal and informal contexts. For example we learn mother tongue in informal context where there is no school, no syllabus, no teacher, no exam and no certificate. On the other hand, we generally learn any second language/ foreign language in a formal context, i.e., in a classroom through teachers.

Language differs from one situation to another. To master the English language, one need to knowhow and when to use formal and informal English. English we use in formal situations like lectures and seminars is different from the English we use when chatting to friends in the coffee bar.

We use formal language in situations that are serious or that involve people we don’t know well. Informal language is more commonly used in situations that are more casual and relaxed and involve people we know well.

Typically, the English we use when we write is different from the English we use when we speak. Formal language is more common when we write; informal language is more common when we speak. However, there are times where writing can be very informal, for example, when writing postcards or letters to friends, emails or text messages. There are also examples where spoken English can be very formal, for example, in a speech or a lecture.

Examples:
Greetings
Informal: Hi, How are ya?, How’s it going?, How ya doin’?
Informal (response): Not much, Not bad, How’s everything with you?, Can’t complain, How ‘bout you?
Formal: Hello, Good Morning, Good Afternoon, Good Evening, Nice to meet you, (title)
Formal (response): How are you doing?, I hope everything is fine with you.

Making Suggestions/Giving Advice
Informal: You know what ya need to do? You gotta…
Formal: Would you please allow me to make a suggestion? I think it might be best to…

To Show Approval or Excitement
Informal: Cool! Sweet! Awesome! Oh, my god that’s great!
Formal: That is wonderful news! That is terrific to hear! That really is quite impressive.

To Say Good-bye
Informal: Bye!, See ya!, Catch ya’ later!, See you, guys!, I’m outta here!, Later y’all!, Take care now!
Formal: Good-bye, Mr./Mrs./Dr./Rev. (last name and add something to show respect, appreciation or importance to the situation) like Good-bye, Dr. Taleon. Thank you for taking the time to talk with my mother and for being so helpful to us.

To Say Good Night
Informal: G’night!, Sleep tight!
Formal: Good night, Mr./Mrs./Dr./Rev. (last name)

Difference Between Formal and Informal Contexts

Formal Contexts	Informal Contexts
Formal English is used in more serious situations	Informal English is used in more casual and relaxed situations
In speaking to someone you don't know very well. Ex: seminars, classroom, workplace, interviews, official letters, academic papers, books	In speaking to someone you know very well. Ex: chit-chat with friends and family members.
Formal context might something really important. It may take place in a boardroom, manager’s office, large auditorium, or another formal location.	Informal context might be just to offer ideas or to build cohesion or unity.  It may take place in a casual setting, too, like an outdoor café, park or sporting event.
shows professional in verbal and written responses; supports the seriousness of the situation	Shows a sense of closeness and genuineness; and shows your personality
meets requirements in academic and work settings	Makes others feel comfortable
Formal English is characterized by longer, more complicated sentences,	Whereas casual English has simpler, shorter words and sentences.
Formal English follows the standards of English grammar.	casual English may not adhere as closely to these rules
Formal English relies on choice and accuracy of words Ex: anew, daunting, nevertheless, disclose, constitute, as it happens, etc.	Casual English may use “everyday phrases, slang expressions. Ex: Well, I think it is a good idea, you know? Dude, uh-huh , nope, stuff, like crazy
Formal English does not use the shortened words or phrases Ex: let me go, What’s up? I want to go	casual language uses words/phrases that are shortened. Ex: Lemme go!,  Whassup?, I wanna go

II.  Attempt A or B  (10 marks)

A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate CONJUNCTIONS.

1. I ran fast, ______ I missed the train.
2. _____you try, you will not succeed.
3.Wait ______ I return.
4. _______ you eat too much, you will be ill.
5. He remained at home _______ he was ill.
6. Three _____ three make six.
7. Is his name Ravi _____ Raju?

8.I waited for him _________ the clock struck seven.
9. He likes neither tea, ______ coffee
10 He cannot go out ___________ he is ill.

(Answers: 1. but, 2.unless, 3. till, 4. if, 5.as, 6. and, 7. or, 8.until, 9. nor 10.because  )

CLICK HERE FOR MATERIAL: 

Conjunctions Material-1

Conjunctions Exericse-2

  

            OR

B. What is stress in English language? Give five examples.                                          Answer: 

English is a stress time language. Stress comes at equal intervals regardless of number of syllables between them. In English, some syllables are longer some are shorter. In English, stressed syllables are louder than non-stressed syllables. In Stress time languages, the time taken to read a sentence depends on the number of stresses in it. Weak forms are common in English. Most Indian languages are syllable timed languages that means all the syllables are of equal length and each syllable takes the same time to pronounce. There are no weak forms in Indian languages.

Stress is an important feature of spoken English and clarity in the language depends to a large extent on the speaker's ability to use the English stress system. The syllable which is pronounced with extra force of breath is said to be stressed or accented. Primary stress or Accent is marked with a vertical bar( ' ) above and in front of the syllable.
It is two types 1.word stress. 2.sentence stress.

WORD STRESS:
Content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs) have strong forms. They receive stress or emphasized in speech.
Structural words (articles, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and helping verbs) have weak forms. Usually they are unstressed.
These words make up almost 50% of the spoken English.
Ex: 'Ravi 'put his 'books on the table.

STRESS IN DISYLLABIC WORDS:
In disyllabic words, either the first or the second or both the syllables are stressed.
Ex:
'English, 'Teacher, 'Doctor, 'actor, 'open, 'item (stress on 1st syllable)
a'bout, be'come, con'sult, de'sire, ex'pand (stress on 2nd syllable)
'Blackboard, 'download ( compound words take stress on 1st syllable)

STRESS IN POLYSYLLABIC WORDS:
Stress in words having more than two syllables varies considerably.
Ex: 

'Per.ma.nent ( stress on first syllable) ,

Per.'mi.ssion (stress on second syllable),
Un.der.'stand ( stress on third syllable)

In polysyllabic words, the root words are stressed and prefixes and suffixes are generally not stressed.
Ex: 

Dis-con'nect,

Il-'logical, 

La'borato-ry, 

Des'crib-ing.

STRESS SHIFT IN DERIVED WORDS:
The syllabic stress shifts as the word form changes.
Ex: 

'Democrat ( stress on first syllable)
De'mocracy( stress on second syllable)
Demo'cratic( stress on third syllable)

STRESS SHIFT ACCORDING TO FUNCTION:
Usually, nouns and adjectives of stress on the first syllable, and when the same words are used as verbs, the stress falls on the second syllable.
Ex: 

 VERBS --- NOUNS
to record --- a record
to permit --- a permit
to address --- an address
to export --- an export
to transport --- a transport
to transfer --- a transfer

SENTENCE STRESS:
Not every word in a sentence or every syllable in a word carries equal stress. The strong or accented syllables occur at regular intervals of time. Content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs) are stressed, while functional words ( prepositions, conjunctions, demonstratives) are not. Sentence stress is marked with dashes and dots.
Ex: 

I went out to dinner last night.

In the above sentence, the words 'went', 'dinner, 'last' and 'night' are stressed.

Distribution of accented and unaccented syllables is a very important feature of spoken English. The rhythm of English speech requires us to pronounce the accented syllables clearly, while the unaccented syllables are spoken rapidly.
Shifting the stress within a sentence can influence the meaning of the sentence.
Ex: 

 I like boiled 'eggs ( specifically eggs, not potatoes)
I like 'boiled eggs ( specifically boiled, not fried)
I 'like boiled eggs (specifically like, not hate)
'I like boiled eggs (specifically I, not someone)

II.  Attempt ANY TWO essays in 1212words  (10x2=20marks)

        A or B  from  UNIT- I

         C or D  from  UNIT- II

II.  Annotate ANY TWO in 125 words   (10x2=20marks)

        A or B  from  UNIT- III

        C or D  from  UNIT- IV 

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MATERIAL

Question No.2 (A or B)

Essay: "With the Photographer"- Stephen Leacock

Stephen Leacock (1869-1944) is a modern English prose writer.  He has written many prose pieces.  All his prose pieces are known for their subtle humor.  They talk about real life situations.  With the Photographer is an extract from ‘Behind the beyond’. It is a short prose that describes the Leacock’s experience with a photographer.  Leacock, as is the regular case, gets a bitter experience.

Leacock goes to a photographer to get himself photographed.  He waits for an hour even when there is no other customer is waiting.  He reads Ladies Companion (1912), Girls’ Magazine (1902) and Infants’ Journal (1888). The photographer is a grave man.  He calls Leacock into the inner room and rolls a machine into the middle of the room. He crawled into the machine and waits for some time. Leacock was thinking that the photographer was praying for god.  The photographer is not satisfied with the Leacock’s face.  He says that Leacock looks ugly.  He then concludes that he would shoot three quarter view of Leacock.  Leacock acknowledges this and starts reasoning about the decision but the photographer do not respond or care for what Leacock is talking.

The photographer hides himself behind the camera and comes out of it.  He comes close to Leacock.  Leacock thinks that the photographer is going to kiss him but he turns Leacock’s face that would be good for a pose.  The photographer gives a series of instructions to Leacock, like close mouth, drop ears, roll eyes, put the hands on the knees, turn the face upwards, bend the neck, expand lungs, contrast the face, etc., The photographer wanted to show that he was a professional photographer. Leacock is confused and he is frightened.  Leacock becomes impatient. He scolds the photographer and says “This face is mine, it’s not yours, I lived with this for forty years, I know it’s not beautiful, but it’s my only face.” when Leacock trying to rise from the chair, the photographer clicks a shot.  Leacock is shocked.

The photographer asks Leacock to check the proof on Saturday and the photograph would be delivered by Sunday.  On Saturday Leacock is further shocked on seeing the proof.  The photographer says that he has edited the eyes, eyebrows and the mouth.  He also plans to edit his ears.  Leacock wanted to take a photograph that would resemble him and something that his friends might keep after his death. He shouts at the photographer for editing his photo and advices him to go on editing it by remove eyes, correct mouth, adjust the face, restore lips, reanimate the neck tie, reconstruct the waistcoat, coat it with inch of gloss and keep it for yourself and your friends. He acknowledges that the edited photo is a worthless item for him. He says that he loves his original face than the altered one.  He leaves the photo studio with tears.

Conclusion:

Initially, Leacock doesn’t like his original face. But at the end of the story, he realized the value of his original face.

Question No.2 (C or D)

Essay: A TREATISE ON GOOD MANNERS AND GOOD BREEDING

Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) is an Irish writer, famous satirist, essayist, poet and priest.  He is well known for writing ‘Gulliver’s Travels’. Swift won the hearts of his readers with his playful and humorous style of writing. A Treatise on Good Manners and Good Breading is a thought provoking essay written by him. It illustrates the draw backs of rigidly following “good manners” without following “good sense”. Swift exposes many illusions about good manners. For Swift good manners are not inherited but learned.

Manners are some standards of conduct imposed in a society. There are different types of manners, like for example table manners. Manners vary from depending on the culture and society. In this essay, Swift defines manners as: “the art of making those people easy with whom we converse” and then lists the requirements of good manners. Swift illustrates the violations of manners. He says that our behavior should suite to three degrees of people: our seniors, our equals and our juniors. One example of a rude behavior is to force our superiors or equals to eat or drink and force them to accept our hospitality. Hence, we should respect their sentiments and it is one of the features of good manners. Another rule to employ good manners is to control the three sources of ill manners, i.e.; pride, lack of sense and ill nature. The good manners are mastered through good sense. This good sense is the foundation of good manners.

He says, "Good manners are not a plant of court growth". In olden days, courts of the kings are known places for officialness. Swift explains few ceremonies as examples where, over civility made many people feel uneasy. Ceremonial behavior are no where better seen than at the tables where ladies preside. In another event, an honest gentleman was kept for four days at friend’s house against his will. A great lady’s dress was stained by a dish of sauce once. On another occasion, two plates of china were broken into twenty pieces each by a Dutch envoy and his thirteen years old son! As another example, he narrated an incident between a prince and a queen which reflects ill manners. Thus, Swift firmly says, "Good manners comes from good sense, not from good place."

In addition, Swift also points out the flaws in human nature. One such major flaw is Pedantry. Pedantry is an excessive attention to the minute details. Sometimes people try to exhibit themselves than they exactly are. They overestimate the value of their knowledge when that knowledge is proved to be little important, pedantry reaches its highest degree.

Good manners are valued everywhere than the good breeding. Good breeding can be attained without study and labor, whereas good manners need a degree of reason. Swift also states that necessary part of  good manners is a "punctual observance of time at our dwellings”, this then meaning to manage your time wisely, be punctual and attend of your environment, to be able to decide how you formally act.

               To conclude the theme of good manners is really complex. In this essay, Swift deals with each aspect of good manners with suitable examples. His sense of humor appears in all the example situations narrated in this essay. He asserts that good sense forms the strong foundation of good manners. But he admits that good sense is a gift bestowed on a very few people. So everyone must strive to acquire good sense that automatically leads people to practice good manners. We are not born with manners, but instead these are learnt from your loved ones.

 Question No 3 (A or B)

Annotation1:.Ode on Solitude – Alexander Pope

Reference:

These lines are taken from the poem “Ode on Solitude” written by Alexander Pope. He wrote this poem in 1700 A.D. Ode is a lyrical poem. Solitude means loneliness. We may wonder because he wrote this poem at the age of 12. This is one of the Pope’s oldest surviving poem.

Context:

These lines in the poem are about solitude, a mature concept, particularly about wishing to die alone. This is Pope’s oldest surviving poem. Pope describes a romantic oversimplification of the rural man’s life. He considered the farmer blessed.

Explanation:

The speaker exclaims that the man who inherited a few acres of land from his parents, where he can breathe his native air, is the happiest man. The speaker continues to describe the man as self-sufficient and his land provides for all of his needs. His herds provide him with milk, he makes his own bread from the grain he grows in his own fields, he makes his own clothes from his own sheep’s wool, and his trees shade him from the sun in summer and supply wood for heating his home in winter. He has no need of anything beyond his own land.

The speaker portrays this rural farmer as a satisfied individual for whom time passes swiftly, because the farmer has “health of body” and “peace of mind.” The farmer sleeps “sound by night.” He is free to study leisurely and enjoy “sweet recreation.” He passes his days harmlessly and enjoys his hours of quiet meditation. The narrator considered this farmer blessed! 

The speaker wishes for escapism, and begs for an unseen life. He wants to live “unheard, unknown.” He wants to be like the farmer at least in his status as a commoner who lived silently and when he dies, he wants no fanfare. He just wants to flit off from the world and not even have his name engraved on a tombstone.

This poem suggests that a happy, successful life can be achieved only when we live with peace of mind, health, innocence, satisfaction of what we he has and living un-known to the world.

 Question No 3 (A or B)

Annotation2: The Proposal- Anton Chekhov

Reference:

These lines are taken from ‘The Proposal’ (originally titled ‘A Marriage Proposal’), a one-act play, written by the Russian short story writer and dramatist Anton Chekhov. It was written in 1888–89 and first performed in 1890. The Proposal is a one-act play which observes the three unities, i.e., the unity of time, unity of place & the unity of action.

Context:

Lomov (a 35 year old man, neighbor of Chubukov) enters Chubokov's((a land owner)) house with a proposal to marry Natalya (25 year old daughter of Chubukov). The above lines are part of the discussion among, these characters of the play.

‘The Proposal’ displays how the rich want to marry their children into other wealthy families with the aim of enhancing their wealth. It also talk about the importance of communication skills.

Explanation:

Lomov enters his neighbor Chubukov’s house fully dressed up in his evening attire. Chubukov is surprised and asks him the occasion. Lomov tells that he had come to ask for Chubukov’s daughter, Natalya’s hand in marriage, Chubukov gets filled with excitement and leaves to call Natalya. Lomov is a 35 year- old gentleman who suffers from palpitations, thinks it is the best age for him to get married. According to him, Natalya is average-looking and a good housekeeper.

When Natalya arrives, Lomov begins the conversation about his land, he somehow mentions about Oxen Meadows which earlier was a disputed property but is now his. Natalya believes that Oxen Meadows belong to her family. Both of them enter into a heated discussion. Chubukov enters just to get the conversation more heated. They throw Lomov out of the house and continue cursing him. Chubukov unintentionally reveals that he had come with a marriage proposal, for which Natalya surprises and she tells her father to bring him back immediately. Chubukov curses himself on being a father of a grown-up daughter.

When Lomov returns, Natalya says sorry and tries to deviate to another topic and somehow they enter into an argument about their dogs. Natalya feels that her Squeezer is better than Lomov’s Guess. They continue arguing when Chubukov enters the scene only to make the situation worse, once again. Lomov finally falls due to his palpitations. Natalya notices that he is unconscious. They try to get water down his throat but end unsuccessful and declare him dead.

          When Lomov moves a little bit, they feed him some water and Chubukov forcefully hands over Natalya’s hands to him, gives his blessings and asks them to kiss. Lomov, still not fully conscious doesn’t understand what is going on. Natalya, being childish as she is, manipulates him into accepting that Squeezer is better than Guess but Lomov, being adamant as he is, refuses to accept it. Thus, once again, the quarrelling continues.

    Thus, the drama ends on a happy, yet humorous note. It shows how sometimes silly arguments dominate the original purpose of communication.

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